issues and debates

what are the 3 types of bias for gender bias with thier examples

• alpha bias ; frueds theory of psychosexual development

• beta bias - biopsychology’s F+F response

• Androcentric - PMS

what are the evaluations for gender bias

• many implications of gender bias

• issues with Reaserch method used

• feminist psyhcologist have attempted to challenges Androcentrism - worrel

• allows us to find out real diffrneces between M +W

how can psychologist reduce gender bias

• educate + reflect

• inclusive design

• diverse sampling

• reposnsible analysts

• institutional change

what are the 3 types of bias for culture bias + thier examples

• universality - asch + Milgram

• ethnocentrism - ainsowrths SS

• culture relativism - deivation from social Norms

What are the evaluations of culture bias

• the emic approach to Reaserch empahasisises uniqueness of all cultures

• culture should have thier own psychology

• can be felt b members of cultures feeling devalued

• Individualistic + collectivist distinction o longer apply

What are the ways in which we can reduce culture bias in psychological Reaserch

• increase culture awareness

• diverse sampling

• use cultural valid measurements

• collaborating globally

• challenging ethnocentrism

which approach supports free will

humastic

what is the evaluation of free will

• subjective expairnces support fee will as we make strong conoiuse decisions

• it does impact our b as roberstt founds adoleneces with strong fatilist beliefs

What are the factors that support hard determism

biological + envioemntal

what is the factore that supports soft determeism

psychic

what is the evaluation of determism

• Psychotherapeutic drugs work successfully

• takes a middle ground approach of soft determeism

what are the factors that support the nature side of approach

• the nature spectrum

• evolutionary

what are the factors that support the nurture side of the debate

behavoruist + social

What is the evaluation for the nature + nurture sebate

• Genes can exert a indirect effect . plomin suggest genetic factors create a micro enviroemnt

• Extreme position taken by nativists + empiricist had impact in social + political circles .

• Traditionally , heredity was fixed + genetic material in the cell couldn’t be altered by environmental influence

what is the support for the highest , middle , lowest levels of the reductionism theory

• highest ; culture + social explination

• middle ; psyhclgical explination

• lowest ; biological explination

what are the 2 approaches supporting reductionism + 2 factors

• biological + enviroemnt

• SCHZ , psychopathology

what is the evaluation of reductionism

• biological reductionism is scientific than the high , general levels of explanations ,

• drug therapies à less mentally ill PS living in institutions

What are the 2 approaches + factors that support holism

• humanistic + cogntive psychologist

• SCHZ + social infleunce

what is the evaluation on holism

• Some b only emerge within group context not at the individual levels

• if we accept multiple factors à mental illness it becomes difficult to establish which most influential 

• don’t lend itself in rigorous scientific testing 

What are the 2 examples of idiographic

humastic + Sigman frueds

what is the evaluation for idiographic

• Idiographic methods ( case studies ) promotes future Research as provides in depth perceptiv

• Allport found through studying individuals that psychologist can help to predict how individuals behave in situations

• Data that collects subjective experiences can be unreliable 

What are the examples used to support nomothetic approach

• DSM 5 + ICD 10 systems

• SCHZ

• Approaches ; skinner

• memory ; Miller

what is the evaluations of Miller

• Objective + measurable as tests can be conducted under standardised conditions

• Its less time consuming to collect as questionnaire

• Idiographic + nomothetic approach should be conflicting

What is the ethcial issues in socially sensitive Reaserch

• privacy

• deception

• confidentiality

• valid mythologies

• Equitable treatment

What are the Research process ; Stanley identified where social sensitivity is important . 

• Questions

• PS treatment

• Interpretations + applications of findings

EG of socially sentiment studies 

EG of socially sentiment studies 

• raine

• Humpheryes

• Psychological Reaserch can affect SCHZ

What is the evaluations for ethical implications of Reaserch studies + theories

• Code of ethics by BPS published guidelines for Research

• Avoiding research on certain groups / controversial taboo topics can be socially sensitiv