Psychology Ch 1-5, 8 exam 9/22 (copy)

structuralism

understanding the conscious experience through introspection

introspection

processing your own experiences to understand other experiences

What was the criticism of introspection and structuralism?

too vague and subjective

gestalt psychology (def)

focuses on humans as a whole rather then individual parts

Gestalt principles of perception (types)

figure-ground relationship, proximity, similarity, continuity, closure

which principle does this picture represent

figure-ground relationship

which principle does this picture represent

similarity

which principle does this picture represent

proximity

which principle does this picture represent

similarity

which principle does this picture represent

closure

which principle does this picture represent

continuity

Who created this hierarchy of needs

Maslow

hierarchy of needs

self actualization, esteem, love and belonging, safety and needs, physiological needs

Therapists need 3 things:

unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness

biopsychology

how structure and function of the nervous system determine behavior

sensation and perception

both physiological aspects of sensory systems and psychological experience of sensory information

personality psych

behavior and thought patterns that are unique to each individual

developmental

physical and mental attributes of aging and maturation

social psych

how people interact and relate with others and how interactions can affect behavior

health psych

how biology interacts with health

clinical psych

diagnosis and treatment of psych disorders

industrial-organizational psych

applies psychological theories, principles, and research to industrial and organizational settings

sports/exercise psych

psychological aspects regard sport and physical performance

forensic psych

deals with the justice system

inductive reasoning

tested through our personal observations to form conclusions

deductive reasoning

form hypothesis’s and theories

what are the types of research

clinical/case study, surveys, archival research, longitudinal/cross-section, naturalistic, and correlational

whats the risk with longitudinal studies

attrition

attrition

to drop out of long-term studies

independent variables

what you manipulate

dependent variables

what you are measuring

true random

everybody hs an equal chance at participating

quasi experimental

not everything can be controlled and it is not randomized

what can you not determine with a quasi experiment

cause and effect relationships

genotype

the genetics

phenotype

what you can see

what is the genotype of 50% of the offspring

Bb

synapse

space between neurons

dopamine

mood/sleep/learning

seratonin

mood/sleep

2 major parts of the nervous system

central and peripheral

Central Nervous System

brain-spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

somatic/exterminates and autonomic/internal

central and peripheral job

bring the body to homeostasis

lateralization

left side or the brain controls the right side of the body

thalamus

serves as the relay center where most sense are routed before processing

Which sense doesn’t go through the Thalamus

smell

hypothalamus

links nervous system and endocrine system by controlling the pituitary gland and controls homeostasis

how much sleep should you be getting?

7-9, no more then 11 and no less then 6

what is mor addictive and why: crack or cocaine

crack because it is smoked not snorted

adderall

highly addictive and a stimulant

how does adderall work

gives brain dopamine which calms people with ADHD down

memory

set of process used to encode, store, and retreive information over different periods of time

whats the process of memory

encode→storage→retrieval

explicit memory

memory of facts

types of explicit memory

semantics and episodic

semantics

concepts and language

episodic

what/when/where, autobiographical

implicit memory

unconscious memory

example of implicit memory

riding a bike

implicit memory (taught?)

can be learned through emotional conditioning

explain sensory or emotional memories

higher emotional content in a memory makes it easier to remember, and sensory memories are recalled for seconds or minutes, if that

arousal theory

strong emotions form strong memories

flashbulb memories

memories that are affected by our emotional state

suggestibility

causes people to remember something that was just a suggestion from someone else

latent content

the unconscious wishes through expression in dreams or fantasies

transduction (conversion)

the action or process of converting something into another form

6 senses

vision, hearing, smell, touch, taste, balance

transduction

input of sensory information through transmittters

sensory adaptation

not perceiving a stimulus because you’ve grown use to it

blind spot in vision (bottom line)

optic disc

optic chasm

where brain processes information

opponent-process theory

white dot theory, gives a negative after-image (continuation of visual stimulus)