negation

All

At least one…not

Ex: all submarine captains have seen a giant squid

At least one sc has not seen a GS

Most

At least half … not

ex: Most people who like chocolate cake also like chocolate brownies

At least half of the people who like chocolate cake do not like brownies

Some

none or no

Some animals exhibited in a zoo want to escape from captivity

No animals exhibited in a zoo want 

none

at least one

no law prohibits a dog from going to law school

at least one law prohibits a dog from going to law school

many

Not many

ex: many spies die to bring us this information

not many spies died…

Both/And

Not both/Only one or more

Ex: both athletes and lawyers will be attending the party

only one or none of a and L will…

Or

neither or none

today I will go to the gym or do laundry

if A then B

Negation: even if A, might not B

If a passing ship sees us, we will be rescued

even if ship sees us, we might not be rescued

A is possible , even if not B

if a 9th grader makes the varsity team, they must be very skilled

Possible for 9th on vars, even if not very skilled

[subject] [predicate verb]

negate predicate verb

Whales are fish

whales = subject  are= predicate verb

[People who do not enjoy hitting balls with their head=subject] [do not like=predicate] volleyball.

In negation, do not change anything in the subject; only negate the predicate verb 

every person who found a a golden ticket was admitted to the Ranch Sauce Factory

at least one person who found a golden ticket was not admitted to the ranch sauce factory

some off the paintings in the museum do not look like they were painted by an adult

none of the paintings on the wall look like they were painted by an adult

all paintings in the museum do look like…

Only students who have prior experience dissecting cadaers will not be considered for the job

possible to be considered even if no prior experienece

if most students fil to turn in homework on time, the whole class will not be required to write n essay explaining the importance of doing homework on time and to perfomance community service

if most fail →[write essay and comm sev]

negation: even if most fail, onle one or none of the essays and comm sev

a movie studio cannot maximize its profits unless at least some its films develop aa mass audience

even if none MA, can mx profit