The Habsburg Holy Roman Empire in History

Holy Roman Empire

A political entity in Europe from 800 to 1806.

Romulus Augustulus

Last Roman emperor, died in 476 CE.

Charlemagne

Declared 'Emperor of the Romans' in 800 CE.

Otto I

German king who revived the empire concept in 961.

Imperial College

Electoral body of German nobility for the emperor.

Habsburg Family

Dominant royal family in Austria and Germany.

Charles V

Ruled Spain and much of Europe, d. 1558.

Protestant Reformation

Religious movement challenging Catholic Church authority.

Philip II

Son of Charles V; king of Spain and Portugal.

Spanish Armada

Fleet built by Philip II for invading England.

Counter Reformation

Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation.

Habsburg Dominance

Began in 1273, emperors from 1452 to 1740.

Francis I

Valois King of France, major enemy of Charles V.

Age of Discovery

Period of exploration and expansion in the 15th century.

Ottoman Empire

Major Muslim power during Charles V's reign.

Lutherans

Protestants following Martin Luther's teachings.

Ferdinand and Isabella

Grandparents of Charles V, influential Spanish monarchs.

Habsburg Lands

Territories controlled by the Habsburgs around 1648.

German Princes

Nobility who sometimes allied with Protestantism.

Papal Relations

Charles V's fluctuating alliances with the papacy.

New World Wealth

Resources from the Americas benefiting Philip II.