Human Biology

Osteon

Structural unit of compact bone. They provide strength and rigidity to the bone and manage transport and allow for bone remodelling.

Haversian Canal

Provides a pathway for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels

Osteocyte

Regulate bone formation and control phosphate metabolism

Harbour communication between osteocytes.

Canaliculi

Lamellae

Provide Compact bone with its hardness and strength.

Osteoporosis

Weakening and brittling of bones.

Management for osteoporosis

Focus on preventing factures.

Osteoarthritis

Wearing down of joints over time.

capsule

Enclosing and sealing the joint allowing for an are for synovial fluid to reside.

Stabilise and reduce shock to a joint.

Meniscus

bursa

Cusions and reduces friction between tendons and bones.

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.

Provide joint stability

articular cartilage of synovial joint

Absorb shock and reduce friction

Synovial Joint

A fully moveable joint in which the synovial (joint) cavity is present between the two articulating bones. E.g. Knee

Fibrous Joint

immoveable and held together by ligaments only

ex. teeth in socket

Cartilaginous joints

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage, e.g. ribcage.

Ball and Socket joint range of motion.

All ranges of motion including; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction and rotation

Ball and Socket joint examples

Hip and Shoulder joints.

Hinge Joints range of movement

One planar movement, primarily flexion and extension

Saddle joint range of motion

A wide range of movement including, flexion and extension as well as adduction and abduction.

Gliding Joints move..

across two planes

Condyloid joint movement

Bi Planar movement, especially flexion and extension, as well as adduction and abduction.

Condyloid joint examples

Wrist and knuckle joints.

Hinge Joint examples.

Knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints

Saddle joint examples

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Gliding Joint examples

Carpals, Tarsals, Sternum & clavicle

hyaline cartilage location

Common and caps bones of synovial joints and is also found in bones and in the respiratory passage.

Toughest form, makes up the discs in the spine and in meniscus of the knee joint.

Fibrocartilage

Provide firmness and elasticity. Gives shape to the ear and epiglottis.

Elastic Cartilage.

What is cartilage?

A firm connective tissue.

What are the main components of cartilage?

Cartilage cells and matrix.

What is the composition of the cartilage matrix?

A firm gel with fibers embedded within.

cartilage function

Cap bones at joints to make movement easier, unites some bones and also provide shape to certain structures like the ear and nose.

metaphysis importance

important in the growth of the bone as they contain the growth plate of the bone.

Diaphysis importance

is important as storage for fat or transport for oxygen and other minerals as well as immune support.

Epiphysis

is important to form joints and distribute stress of the joint amongst the bone. Also houses the red marrow which creates blood cells.