Graphic 1.1-1.5 Test Of Knowledge

Absorbency

The tendency to attract elements like liquid and sometimes light and heat

Density

The mass of material per unit of volume

Fusibility

The ability of a material to be converted into liquid state and combine with another material

Electrical conductivity

The ability to conduct electricity

Opacity

the ability of a material to allow light travel through it

Strength

The ability of a material to withstand external forces

Hardness

The ability to resist abrasion and indentation through impact

Toughness

The ability to absorb energy through shock without fracturing

Malleability

The ability to deform under compression without cracking

Ductility

The ability to be stretched out into a thin strand without fracturing

Elasticity

The ability to return to its original shape after being compressed or stretched

Plasticity

The ability to permanently stay in the same shape after being molded

Ingredients of paper and board

a pulp which is a mixture of cellulose fibers and up to 99% water

Cellulose fibres

Fibers made of shredded wood

Pulp

Process that converts debarked logs into fine chips and then cooked with a chemical solution along with bleach or colourings

Sizing

Process that controls the absorbency of the paper by adding chemicals to the pulp

Converting pulp into paper

Process that uses rollers along the mesh conveyer belt to squeeze out the excess rollers

Callender rollers

Set of rollers that give the paper a finish

PAP - 20

Recycling code for Carboard - Corrugated cardboard

PAP - 21

Recycling code for other carboard - mixed paper magazines, mail

PAP - 22

Recycling code for paper - other paper

PAB - 23

Recycling code for paperboard - greeting cards, book covers, frozen food boxes

gsm definition

grams per square meter

Copier paper appearance

Brilliant white paper treated for a smooth finish

Copier paper characteristics

80-100gsm, treated to enable ink to dry on the surface

Copier paper uses

Desktop printing and photocopying

Card appearance

Bleached white or coloured

Card characteristics

200-400gsm, may be treated to enable ink to dry on the surface

Card uses

Luxurious posters, book covers, business cards

Corrugated card appearance

Natural brown board finished on one or both sides with bonded paper

Corrugated card characteristics

1000-5000 microns, strong lightweight and rigid perpendicular to corrugations. Insulative and easy to print on

Corrugated card uses

packaging, boxes and impact protection

Solid white board appearance

High quality card, brilliant white smooth finish on both sides

Solid white board characteristics

200-500gsm, stiff board, holds color and easily cut or creased

Solid white board uses

High quality packaging, posters and cards

Mount board appearance

A white core with a high quality coloured paper bonded to one or both sides

Mount board characteristics

500-3000 microns, colorful, Thick, rigid, fine finish, cuts well.

Mount board uses

Mounting pictures, Model making

Duplex card appearance

White bleached surface on one side

Duplex card characteristics

200-500gsm, stiff, lightweight coatings, lower cost than fully bleached board

Duplex card uses

Packaging, food and drink containers

Carton board appearance

Natural brown or white, coated or uncoated

Carton board characteristics

200-1500 micron
variable thickness when layered, can be coated or foil lined to hold food and liquids, full colour printing possible

Carton board uses

Food containers, packaging, advertising displays

Moulded paper pulp Appearance

Textured, unbleached, often moulded into different shapes

Moulded paper pulp characteristics

Eco-friendly, recyclable, compostable, biodegradable.

Moulded paper pulp uses

Packaging trays, Disposable cup holders, disposable plates

Foam core board Appearance

A composite material - smooth board surface front and back, foam inner core

Foam core board characteristics

3-10mm thick, lightweight and rigid in all directions. Can crease and crack under pressure, expanded polystyrene centre, limited colour options

Foam core board uses

Architectural models, model making, prototyping, mounting and framing of photographs and artwork

Foil lined board appearance

A composite material - white card usually coated or laminated with aluminium foil bonded on one side

Foil lined board characteristics

200-400gsm, stiff, foil reflects heat and a water and oil resistant coating

Foil lined board uses

Takeaway containers and lids, used to retain heat for longer.

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An image of Copier paper

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An image of Card

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An image of Corrugated card

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Image of Solid white board

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Image of mounted board

Rolls

commonly used in the printing industry for large and continuous runs

Sheet

used in printing, art supplies and consumer-based goods

Ply

layered sheets of paper in either sheet or roll form.
used for packaging, till rolls and invoicing paper as well as kithen and toilet roll. The layers are held together using embossing techniques and/or glue.

ISO Definition

International Standards Organization

A series

main sizes that we use in schools, at home and at work

B series

especially used in publishing and printing industry

C Series

Used for envelopes

T Series

Indian Youtube channel as well as media conglomerate famous for the sub race against pewdiepie

A4 dimensions

210 × 297mm

Die cutting

process used in industry to create products from a sheet material by cutting it on a cutting plate

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Die cutters for schools

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Commercial die cutter

Offset lithography

Common form of printing where paper is fed through 4 different coloured rollers. sometimes a fifth roller is used for varnish

Gravure

high quality form of printing where an etched printing plate fills up with ink and deposits the colour as small dots. A separate roller presses the material to be printed onto the printing plate.

Flexography

form of relief printing, which uses a flexible relief plate with the image to be printed raised up off the non-printing surface. Allows for plastic and metallic films

Screen printing

form of printing uses a porous mesh with fine holes which ink can pass through. In screen printing, a ‘squeegee’ is used to scrape ink through the exposed holes in the mesh and onto the substrate. Screen printing is used to print onto fabrics which make is popular for t-shirt printing

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CMYK Registration marks, used as quality control to make sure the colours are correct and aligned

How to Emboss or Deboss

two plates being created known as the relief die (female) and the counter die (male) to fold or crease the card so the element stays in place

Spot Varnishing

Enables part of the surface of a card or paper to be printed with a shiny transparent finish

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Commercial laminator

Lamination in commercial use

application of a polymer film (usually polyethylene) to the surface of a product. Ensures the document lasts longer

CNC

Computer Numerical control

Flat pack furniture advantages

• Compact for ease of transportation

• Low cost compared to traditional furniture

• A large choice of styles and finishes

• Easy to assemble with limited tools and experience

• Can be disassembled for storage / moving

Flat pack furniture disadvantages

Needs to be constructed yourself or by someone else at an additional cost

• Not as robust as traditional furniture

• Can be complex to construct for some

• Prone to damage by moistrue

• Can chip and break more easily

Wood preservative

Painted on to protect wood from fungal or indect attack and prevent rot and decay, needs reapplication to maintain the levels of protection

Varnish

Protects from moisture, can be coloured with stain, enhances grain, gloss, satin or matt finish, yellows with age

Oil

Similar effect to varnish but soaks into the timber rather than sitting on the surface, needs reapplying frequently

Paint

Painted with a brush or roller, usually needs primer and undercoat on bare wood, wide range of colours available

Stain

Permaently colours wood, does not protect it, results vary depending on base wood and colour

Wax

Rubbed into the wood with cloth or wire wool, enhances natural grain, needs regular reapplication

Thermoforming Plastics

Plastics that are more flexible especially when heated

Thermosetting plastics

rigid plastic that will burn when heated again

Elastomers

STRECHY BOI

Recyclability of Thermosetting plastics

non recyclable but can be used for incineration

Recyclability of Thermosetting plastic

Yes

Acrylic Appearance

Colorful with smooth finish. Ductile ,malleable and come in a variety of standard sizes.

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Image of Acrylic sheets

Acrylic characteristics

Tough but brittle when thin. Easily scratched, formed and bonded.

Acrylic uses

Car lights, display stands, trophies, table tops, modern baths, hats and gloves.

Nylon Appearance

smooth, colourful and available in sheet, bar, fil or thread

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Image of Nylon thread

Nylon characteristics

Low friction as self lubrication and hard wearing.