Neurons

Soma (cell body)

Dendrites

Axon

Axolemma

Plasma membrane of Axon

Axon hillock

Telodendria

Neurofibrils

Cytoskeletal elements/protein fibers within neuron

Nissl bodies

Elaborate type of RER and ribosomes within neurons

Synaptic cleft

Space between presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals

Myelin sheath

Nodes of ranvier

Neurotransmitter receptors

On Postsynaptic terminal (normally cell bodies and dendrites)

Connective tissue (CT) around entire nerve

Endoneurium

Presynaptic neuron

Releases NTs from synaptic vesicles

Axon terminal

Synaptic vesicles

Filled with neurotransmitter/NT

Connective tissue (CT) around nerve fasicles

Perineurium

Postsynaptic neuron

Contains NT receptors that the NT binds to

Connective tissue (CT) around individual axons

Epineurium

Fasicles

Bundles of axons within a nerve

All spinal nerves

Mixed nerves

Carry information towards CNS

Sensory/afferent nerves

Carry information away CNS

motor/efferent nerves

1st cranial nerve

Sensory: from nasal cavity: smell

Olfactory

2nd cranial nerve

Sensory: from retina: vision (cross optic chiasma)

Optic

3rd cranial nerve

Motor: controls muscles that opens eyelid, constrict pupil, changes shape of lens and eyeball movement

Oculomotor

4th cranial nerve

Motor: controls superior oblique muscle (turns eye downward and laterally)

Trochlear

5th cranial nerve

Motor: controls muscles of mastication/chewing

Sensory: from face: touch and pain

Trigeminal

6th cranial nerve

Motor: controls lateral rectus muscle (turns eye laterally)

Abducens

7th cranial nerve

Motor: controls muscles of most facial expressions

Motor: stimulate glands: secretion of tears and saliva

Sensory: from tongue for taste and sensory from face and mouth

Facial

8th cranial nerve

Sensory: from inner ear: hearing and equilibrium

Vestibulocochlear

9th cranial nerve

Sensory: from tongue: taste

Motor: controls muscles of pharynx involved in swallowing

Glossopharyngeal

10th cranial nerve

Sensory: skin of head and neck and pharynx

Motor: muscles involved in speech and swallowing

Motor: to salivary glands

Motor: to most of thoracic and abdominal viscera (as main nerve of parasympathetic NS)

Vagus

11th cranial nerve

Motor: controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Spinal Accessory or Accessory

12th cranial nerve

Motor: controls muscles of tongue movements

Hypoglossal

Frontal Lobe

Contains the motor cortex

Temporal Lobe

Contains the auditory and olfactory cortex

Infundibulum

Facial Nerve (VII)

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

Vagus Nerve (X)

Accessory Nerve (XI)

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

Filaments of Olfactory Nerve (I)

Olfactory Bulb

Olfactory Tract

Optic Nerve (II)

Optic Chiasma

Optic Tract

Oculomotor Nerve (III)

Trochlear Nerve (IV)

Trigeminal Nerve (V)

Abducens Nerve (VI)

Cerebellum

Medullua

Shallow grooves

Sulci/Sulcus

separates frontal vs parietal lobes

Central sulcus

separates temporal lobe from others

Lateral sulcus

raised areas

Gyri/Gyrus

Location of the motor cortex

Precentral gyrus

Location of the somatosensory cortex

Postcentral gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

Precentral gyrus

Lateral sulcus

Central sulcus

Frontal (contains the motor cortex)

Parietal (contains the somatosensory cortex)

Occipital (contains the visual cortex)

Insula (contains the gustatory cortex)

Temporal (contains the auditory and olfactory cortex)

Corpus callosum: bundle of axons carrying info between hemispheres

Optic chiasm: where optic nerves cross

Hypothalamus: site of drives (hunger, thirst, rage, lust), temperature control counter, "seat" of ANS and controls the pituitary gland

Pituitary gland: major endocrine gland, releases 9 hormones

Deep grooves

Fissures

Mammillary bodies
involved in recollective memory and involved in feedings
behaviors - licking and swallowing

Thalamus: major sensory relay center for sensory information going up to the cerebral cortex

Pineal gland: releases melatonin (hormone that regulates day/night cycles)

Midbrain/mesencephalon: superior part of brainstem

Superior colliculi: processing center for visual reflexes causing orientation towards the visual stimulus

Inferior colliculi: processing Center for auditory reflexes causing orientation towards the auditory stimulus

Pons: middle part of the brainstem
Relay centers for information going to and from cerebellum

Medulla oblongata: inferior part of the brainstem
cardiovascular, vasomotor and respiratory centers

Longitudinal fissure: separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

Subdural space

Dura mater: outmost layer

Arbor vitae: white matter within cerebellum

Arachnoid mater: middle layer

Choroid plexus: consists of combination of neuroglia and permeable capillaries, produces CSF, is found within all ventricles

Transverse fissure: separates cerebrum and cerebellum

Pia mater: innermost layer

Subarachnoid space

Lateral ventricles

Third ventricle

Cerebral aqueduct: is a passage way connecting 3rd ventricle to 4th

Fourth ventricle

Pia mater

Denticulate Ligament

Anterior/ventral horn (somatic motor neurons)