ChinaJapanInterwar

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often leading to the desire for self-governance or independence.

Guomindang (Nationalists)

The Nationalist Party in China that sought democratic control of the government, primarily representing the elite.

Communists

People attracted to socialism, primarily from the poorer sections of society, advocating for the working class.

Treaty of Versailles

A peace treaty that ended World War I, which included provisions that angered China, notably the transfer of Qingdao to Japan.

May Fourth Movement

A cultural and political movement in China that emerged in response to the Treaty of Versailles, promoting modernization and anti-imperialism.

Long March

A strategic retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China to evade the pursuit of the Guomindang.

Manchuria

A region in Northeast China that was invaded by Japan in 1931, marking a significant escalation in Japanese imperialism.

Ultranationalists

Radical nationalists in Japan who condemned politicians for limiting overseas expansion and promoted aggressive military expansion.

Rape of Nanjing

A period of horrific violence by Japanese soldiers in Nanjing, China, involving mass murder and rape, occurring after the city fell to Japan in 1937.

Tripartite Pact

An agreement signed in 1940 between Japan, Germany, and Italy, forming a military alliance known as the Axis Powers during World War II.

Upheavels in China

• Instability

• Western influence- against nationalist from west

• Gap between the rich and poor

War lord Era

• Sun Yat-sen fails to unify China.Qing collapse then comes back

Twenty one Demands

A series of demands made by Japan to China in 1915, seeking to extend Japanese control over Chinese territory and economic interests, which heightened tensions between the two nations.

May Fourth movement

•  an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement which grew out of student protests in Beijing on 4 May 1919. 

• The demonstrations sparked nationwide protests and increased Chinese nationalism, 

Nationalists (Guomindang

people who wanted democratic control of the government (primarily elites) 

Communists

people who were attracted to socialism (primarily poor)

Vangurad

elite Soviet trained leaders of the Revolution helped communist

Shanghai massacre

was a violent suppression of the Chinese Communist Party by the Nationalists in 1927, leading to a significant split between the two factions. Gumindangkill most communist

Long March

Gyomindang flee 6,000 miles from southern China to a remote military base in northern China

Many died from daily attacks

Struggle for a New China

a period during the early 20th century marked by social upheaval and political change, where various factions, including the Nationalists and Communists, sought to redefine China's future.

what did the Japanese want from china

wanted access to railroad from Korea

japanese imperialism on

 

The Japanese, who owned the railway, blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and used the opportunity to retaliate and invade Manchuria.

Why did the communist and gumindang halt their civil war

to fight the Japanese threat

Liberal reforms in Japan

• Japan moved toward more widespread democracy

  • Political parties grew stronger

  • Universal male suffrage

• Political parties were manipulated by zaibatsu

• The Western powers are concerned with Japan’s rapid expansion

Lurking Problems

• behind their increasing wealth there were real issues in Japan

  • Rural peasants did not share prosperity

  • Urban factory workers earned low wages

  • Poverty drew both these groups to socialist ideas

  • Japanese population DOUBLED between 1870- 1925

Low of japanse economy

earthquake killed many, building damages, jobs lost, great depression

Great depression effect of japan

• Devastated Japan – foreign buyers could no longer buy Japanese silk and other exports

• Unemployment in cities soared, peasants starved

ultranationalists

Economic disaster fed discontent of leading military officers, extreme nationalists

ultrantionalist beliefs

• condemned politicians for agreeing to Western demands for limiting Japanese overseas expansion

• Argued that compared to Western industrial powers’ empires, Japan’s empire was tiny

what were goals of ultranationalist

• Argued an empire in Asia would provide raw materials and room for growing population

• Set their sights on Manchuria

League of nationations and did with japan

• condemned Japanese aggression against China – Japan left the League

  • Japanese government
    broke agreements to limit
    naval armaments it had
    signed in 1920s

    TOOK NO ACTION

how did jpan spread message of militarism

• the government used schools to teach students  absolute obedience to the emperor and service to the state

anti Comintern pact

Japan allied with two aggressive powers, Germany & Italy- collective security agreement

Rape of Nanjing

Japanese soldiers were given orders to kill all remaining residents of the city