HA exam 3 jeopardy cards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key nutrition, digestion, urinary, and aging topics from the notes.

Digestion

The breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.

Absorption

The passage of simple molecules from digestion through the intestinal lining into the blood or lymph.

Liver

An organ that breaks down and builds biological molecules, stores vitamins and iron, destroys old red blood cells, detoxifies poisons, and produces bile.

Pancreas

An organ that contains hormones regulating blood glucose levels and bicarbonates that neutralize stomach acid.

Gall bladder

An organ that stores and concentrates bile.

Environmental Factors

Factors beyond the control of the individual that influence nutrition.

Dietary Guidelines

Advice on what to eat or drink to promote a healthy diet and prevent diet-related disease.

Nutrients

Biochemical units of nutrition.

Breastfeeding

A feeding method with benefits including fewer allergies, easier digestion, convenience, constant availability, lower cost, and body-temperature readiness.

Introducing new foods

Introducing foods approximately 4–7 days apart to identify potential allergies.

Allergenic foods for children

Foods known to cause allergies in children, such as wheat, egg whites, nuts, citrus juice, and chocolate.

Eating disorders in adolescents

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Healthy Eating Plate Diagram

A visual guide showing balanced portions of food groups on a plate.

Food Guidelines

Official recommendations for what to eat or drink to promote healthy growth, prevent disease, and meet nutrient needs.

Food access barriers

Barriers to healthy eating, including high cost of healthy food, poor access to full-service stores, and lack of safe places to play/exercise.

Macronutrients and micronutrients

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients; minerals, vitamins, and water are micronutrients.

Allergenic foods (examples)

Foods known to cause allergies in children: wheat, egg whites, nuts, citrus juice, and chocolate.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K; stored in the liver and fatty tissues.

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins such as C and B complex; not stored in the body and must be consumed daily.

Hypervitaminosis

Toxicity from excessive vitamin intake, often from megadoses or fortified foods.

Vitamin E

A fat-soluble vitamin that can cause toxicity in high doses.

Renin

An enzyme important in regulating blood pressure within the RAAS system.

Stress incontinence

Involuntary leakage of urine due to weakened pelvic floor muscles.

Dysuria

Pain or discomfort when voiding.

CAUTI

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection; a hospital-acquired infection.

Oliguria

Diminished urine output relative to fluid intake.

Bladder scan

Bedside ultrasound used to measure bladder volume and assess retention.

Factors influencing bowel elimination

Personal habits, body position, pain, medications, fluid intake, and physical activity.

Common causes of constipation

Stress, medications, chronic bowel dysfunction, irregular bowel habits, and ignoring the urge.

Signs of dehydration in an infant

Dry mouth/tongue, no tears, no wet diapers for 3+ hours, high fever, listlessness or irritability, and sunken eyes/cheeks/soft spot.

Cholecystectomy

Surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Age-related changes in nutrition

Age-related changes such as decreased sense of taste and smell that affect nutrition.