APUSH Period One

What was the Protestant Reformation?

Christians began to look towards the Bible and Christian teachings for answers, not the church

How did the printing press change European society?

It gave power and ideas to the public, leading them to question the church and government

Ecomienda system

a system of slavery that let Spanish colonists abuse and use Native Americans for labor

Columbian Exchange

The movement of disease, people and good from across the Atlantic

How did the exchange of foods from the Columbian Exchange affect the people involved?

Introduction of new crops from the Western Hemisphere improved European diets, leading to a significant population increase

How did the exchange of disease from the Columbian Exchange affect the people involved?

Disease from Europe (especially smallpox) decimated Native populations and gave the settlers an advantage towards colonizing

Who established the first permanent colony?

England

What was the first permanent colony?

Jamestown, Virgina

What did the people colonizing Jamestown come to the New World for?

To seek economic opportunities

What important crop introduced to Europe by John Rolfe shaped the economy of the southern colonies?

Tobacoo

What was the House of Burgesses?

The first system of representation in the English Colonies

Why was the colony of Maryland founded

King Charles I grants land to Cecilius Calvert as a safe haven for Catholics from the Church of England

Why does political conflict emerge in plantation colonies and how important is it?

Elites are mostly Catholic while laborers are mostly Protestant, but because of the importance of tobaccos makes religious differences secondary

What was the Act of Toleration?

Allowed all Christians to worship freely (in Maryland)

What was the Headright System

For every indentured servant, a landowner gets 50 more acres of land

What was indentured servitude?

A way to lure European workers to the colonies. Bound to a maste4r for a term of labor and then are free when they meet their contract

What was the primary form of labor in the early stages of the US colonies?

Indentured servants

Who landed in Plymouth?

Pilgrims

Difference between Pilgrims and Puritans

While Puritans stayed in England to reform the Church, Pilgrims left to pursue religious freedom

Why were Northern colonies more successful initially?

Weather did not promote disease

Pilgrims had better survival skills

Less Native threat

_____ was comprised of close towns

_____ was comprised of separate lands

North

South

Why were Roger Williams and Rhode Island banned from the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

For opposing the established religion and supporting the separation of church and state

What did Rogers Williams and Rhode Island found after being exiled?

Providence

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

A woman exiled from the MA Bay Colony for preaching the God revealed himself directly to his followers and that good acts could not save the well behaved, only the predetermined

What were the Salem Witch Trials really about?

Older generation trying to maintain power over younger generation who wanted to leave. Used scare tactics to try to keep them obedient and static.

What did the Puritans use a justification for seizure of Pequot lands?

Smallpox. As they did not get sick they were obviously superior and the Pequots were lesser

How did the Puritan-Pequot War end?

With the Puritan massacre of a Pequot village. The murder of 500 men woman and children

What was the costliest war in deaths per capita in American history?

Metacom’s War (King Phillips War)

What was the result of Metacom’s War?

Ended any independent Native Americans in New England

What was a main cause of strained Native and Colonial relations?

Fastly growing population made colonists want to expand into Native land.

Why was it hard for freed servants to find land?

Land was either already owned/leased or occupied by Native Americans

Also, tobacco prices were falling

How was the political field changing during the time of Bacon’s Rebellion?

Gov. Berkeley consolidated his power bribed legislatures and appointed friends.

Native attacks went ignored by Berkeley

Non-landowners could no longer vote in the House of Burgesses

Where was Bacon’s Rebellion?

Jamestown VA

What happened during Bacon’s rebellion

Nathanial Bacon and 400 men burned Jamestown to the ground in protest of current governmental choices

What was the result of Bacon’s rebellion?

Leaders made reforms, but the primary result was an increase of African slavery

Why was the switch to African Slavery made?

Cheaper

Increase of race consciousness (did not want to subject people who looked like them to labor)

Political reforms in VA after Bacon’s rebellion

How did Native Americans influence Europeans?

Europeans began to emulate many Native American luxuries such as tobacco and other foods

What are examples of many Native American beliefs?

Worship of multiple deities

Connection to nature

Worship of animals

What was the main reason for Columbus’ journey

Find a westward route towards Asia for trade

Columbus' voyage and subsequent voyages by other explorers were primarily sponsored by who?

European monarchs seeking to expand their empires and gain glory