EPA 608 CORE

stratospheric ozone

earths protective shield

ozone

protects from ultraviolet radiation from the sun

ODP

Ozone depletion potential

Ozone Depletion Potential

measures the ability of a substance to destroy ozone in the stratosphere

who is affected by ozone depletion

problem affecting everyone

serious results from thiining the stratosphere

Increased skin cancer rate increased cataract cases decreased crop yields and marine organism damage

where did people believe chlorine from the stratosphere came from?

Volcanoes

Volcanoes

small quantities of chlorine

Chlorine containing refrigerants

large quantities of chlorine

chlorine levels are equal to what

fluorine levels

chlorine levels have \____ compared to fluorine levels

different natural sources

The rise in chlorine from data matches what?

CFC and HCFC emissions

Chlorine refrigerants

deplete ozone layer

How many oxygen atoms does an ozone molecule contain

3 oxygen atoms

what is O3 chlorine an element of? and what does it cause?

Element of CFC and HCFC molecules. Causes ozone depletion.

what is the process of chlorine atoms encountering ozone molecules

takes 1 of 3 ozygen atoms - carbon monoxide is formed - leaves O2 (oxygen) molecule behind.

what is the process when chlorine monoxide collides with ozone molecules

released oxygen atom forming 2 O2 molecules - leaves chlorine to attack other ozone molecules

how long does chlorine last in the stratosphere? and up to how many molecules can it destroy

120 years and 100,000 molecules

chlorine in cfcs and hcfcs

will not dissolve in water or break down into compounds that dissolve in water - do not rain out into atmosphere

HFC

Hydrogen, Fluorine, and Carbon - no chlorine - High GWP

GWP

global warming impacts of gases over time

carbon dioxide

used as baseline and has GWP of 1

HFC refrigerant have a \___ than carbon dioxide

higher GWP

HC and HFO

Lowest GWP compared to CFCs, HCFC, and HFC

Gwp of r600, r290, r441

lower than many HFCS

HFOs are

a good fit with low ODP and GWP

HFCs are

dangerous and high gwp

Refrigerant types

CFC, HCFC, HFC, HFO, and HC

ASHRAE

American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning

Refrigerants are classified as

Class A or B and have a flammability of 1,2, or 3

1, 2, 3

None, low, high

zeotropic or non azeotropic

mixtures with different boiling points and a blend of refrigerants

blend of zeotropic or nonazeotropic can be either

binary or ternary

many blended refrigerants have a

temperature glide

how do blended parts result in a temperature glide

different pressures at the same saturation temperature.

temperature glide can range

a few tenths of a degree to 12 or more

what do zeotropic or nonazeotropic use

bubble and dew points to indicate condensing and evaporator temp on PT chart

Bubble point deals with

Condenser subcooling

Dew point deals with

Evaporator superheat

pressures and temps are based on

the temp glide

R-400

Near azeotropic blends and leak from the system at uneven rates. different vapor pressures. affects amount of refrigerant in system

What is the proper way of charging R-400

Weigh refrigerant into high side as a liquid.

How to charge an undercharged system?

liquid is throttled into low side with system operating

what could occur in blended refrigerants in systems that develop leaks

There could be fractionazation which could cause the refrigerant to leak at uneven rates.

R-407C

High temp glide and easily experiences fractionazation

The refrigerants that have been blended cannot be interchanged even if…

the pressure, temp, and characteristics may be the same.

.potential of what in refrigerants should also be considered?

the potential of refrigerants to oxidize copper.

What does equipment need to be designed to work with?

It needs to be designed to handle refrigerants due to the flammability in HCs and HFOs.

How is the maximum amount of refrigerant regulated in new systems

By the type and use.

what substitutes are allowed when retrofitting and converting the systems

Only EPA approved substitutes.

No substitutes is approved by the EPA for direct drop in to service an

R - 22 or any other system

how many phases is leak rates and service recovery in?

4 liquid phases.

what is the condensing temp of the phases?

104 degrees F

Low pressure refrigerant

30 psig or lower

medium pressure

30-155 psig

high pressure

155-340 psig

very high pressure

340 and over

What are many HCFC blends considered

are binary or ternary and use a synthetic akylbenzene lubricant.

Retrofitted HCFC to HFC or newly manufactured systems use

synthetic polyester oil

Ester based oil is a

type of oil that cannot be mixed with other oils

when retrofitting HCFC to HFC

All oils must be removed before adding ester oil

ester based oils are known to be

hygroscopic and will absorb moisture from the air and some containers.

The United States

apart of the montreal protocol

The montreal protocol

an international treaty that addresses ozone depleting substances and their alternatives.

what is the US currently doing with refrigerant?

phasing out and phased out many CFCs, HCFCs, and other harmful refrigerants to stop the damage to the stratospheric ozone.

What does section 608 of the clean air act do?

sets rules and regulation about refrigerant handling in the HVACR industry. Allows the purchasing and handling of regulated refrigerants.

distributors that sell regulated refrigerant

must verify the purchaser or who employs a section 608 certified tech.

violating the refrigerant circuit

removal or replacement of a component containing a regulated refrigerant. They must be certified at the proper level and have the type of recovery equipment required.

It is illegal to

knowingly release CFC, HCFC, or any HFC refrigerant during service, maintenance, repair, or disposal of an appliance.

Technicians must have

section 608 certification in possesion when performing a section 608 acitivity.

If the section 608 card is lost

A replacement can be requested by the certifying organization and not the EPA

When working with an electrical circuit or sections that do not involve refrigerant components

You do not need to be section 608 certified.

the clean air act allows for the release of

exempt refrigerant which would be ammonia, CO2 or a small amount of refrigerant mixed with nitrogen for leak detection.

How much can a technician be fined for a day and per violation of the clean air act

$44,539 which includes the releasing of nonexempt refrigerant.

What will happen to service techs that violate the clean air act

may lose certification while paying fines and may appear in court

It is the techs responsibility to

comply with future changes of the law or EPA regulations when becoming certified.

states and local governments can do what?

Establish laws that contain stricter requirements.

What is the EPA SNAP program and what does it do

Significant New Alternative Policy identifies refrigerant with lower overall risk to human health and environment.

Stratospheric ozone is how many miles away

7 to 30 miles

What other problems can thinning the stratosphere cause

deforestation and increased ground level ozone.

what will natural chlorine do?

dissolve in water and rain out

CFCS have a higher

ODP

HFC have

low odp high GWP

How are flammable refrigerants classified?

red color marking

CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs have a

High GWP

The phase out for the production and imports of newly manufactured R-22 and HCFC 142b in the US began in what year

2020

When will the HCFC phase end and where will they come from after

2030 and they will come from recovered and reclaimed gas

It is not a violation of the clean air act to

service a CFC or HCFC refrigerant after the phase out

Reclaimed refrigerants must meet what standards before being resold under EPA regulations

AHRI 700

Techs can charge

CFC,HCFC, and HFC into the same appliance or into another appliance by the same owner

Used refrigerant

No longer meets AHRI standard of virgin refrigerant. cannot change ownership without reclaiming

CFC, HCFC, HFC, and HFO recovery equipment

Must meet EPA standards

recovery equipment

Must be tested according to AHRI standard 740

Recovery machines may be able to do what?

recover one or multiple types of refrigerants.

Dessicant humidifier

not covered by EPA section 608 because it does not contain refrigerant.

self contained recovery devices

remove refrigerant from an appliance without assistance of device components.

System dependent

Recovery equipment that relies on compressor or pressure in the appliance.

Easy refrigerant recovery

No service valves. Service aperture or process stub instead

Disposing of appliances with 5-50 lbs of refrigerant.

You are not required to record model and serial number of appliance

What is required when disposing of appliances with 5-50 lbs of refrigerant

Type of refrigerant recovered quantity by typequantity recovered by disposed appliancequantity of refrigerant, by type, sent for reclamation or destruction