augustus and sons

succession:

• augustus’ first wife - clodia

• augustus’ second wife - scribonia

• augustus’ third wife - livia

• augustus’ daughter - julia

• julia’s first husband - marcellus

• julia’s second husband - agrippa

• julia’s third husband - tiberius

• augustus’ grandchildren - gaius and lucius

• livia's children - drusus and tiberius

background history: what happened to augustus in 2BC and 8AD?

• 2 assassination attempts

why did he have a problem in passing on his position?

• Rome was a Republic, not hereditary

• augustus was not king

why was is necessary to have a clear successor?

• Last time there had been a power vacuum in Rome, it had resulted in civil wars (44-31BC)

Who did he used to try and gain a success and why?

• His family - to increase the power and prestige

• his younger male relatives were used for power

how did people in the family know he was preparing them for power?

• He adopted them and then prepared them for power by managing their image

COIN OF GAIUS AND LUCIUS

• obv: Augustus wears the Civic crown, his titles = divi filus and pater patriae

• rev: gaius and Lucius wearing togas with honorary shields and spears given to them by Roman nobles, religious symbols under a reminder of the priest colleges they belong to, inscription lists their achievements, the source of legitimacy was a son of Augustus, they had no official political office but Senate made them consul for future years

who was Julia‘s husband and sons and how were they prepared for power?

• Agrippa

• gaius and lucius

• 17AD Augusta adopted them

• 13BC gaius was presented in public at the Trojan games

• lucius was presented to the troops on the rhine a few years later

PRESCRIBED SOURCES: how is augustus depicted in this poem?

• a proud stepfather

drusus and tiberius had a famous ancestor “nero” - who was he and what did he do?

• Nero defeated hasdrubal (brother of hannibal) in 207BC

what does hannibal say the romans will do?

• Roman youth will pray upon the enemies like wolves pray on deer

• their offspring will always defeat the mythical monsters

• Enemies like the Carthaginians will always be defeated by the Romans

at the end of the poem, what do we expect from drusus?

• There is nothing that the Claudian power can’t achieve

• The claudians are protected by the gods

Who was Drusus?

• Son of livia, brother of tiberius, adopted son of augustus

drusus is compared to ganymede - Who is he and what qualities does this transfer to drusus?

• The boy chosen by jove (jupiter) to be his boyfriend

• means that drusus has also been chosen by the gods

drusus is compared in a simile to a wolf sweeping on a sheep fold. why?

• The Wolf is the symbol of Rome Romulus and Remus were brought up by wolves

drusus is compared to a lion cub. why?

• Lines of ferocious Animals

• The deer is a symbol of Carthage

which tribe did drusus Defeat and how are they depicted in this poem?

• He defeats the Vindelici tribe of the rhaetian alps

• they are described as using amazonian axes. The Amazons were warrior women and the Romans did not fight with axes at all.

what stopped is his plans for gaius and lucius becoming his successors?

• death in 2 and 4AD

Who became the next successor and what happened to them?

• agrippa postumus Was adopted in 4AD but was exiled

• tiberius was their heir apparent

how was Tiberius prepared for succession?

• Santon campaign to Parthia where he received the standards from the Parthians

• Sent on campaigns to Germany and rhine

• he was sent to command troops living around the Alps