Cell Envelope Differences - Lightning Round

Cell Wall

Both Bacteria and Archaea (in many Eukarya (plants))
Never in animal cells

Cell Envelope

- Bacteria, Archaea (not Eukarya)

Outer Membrane

Gram Negative Bacteria Only (membrane external to the cell wall)
- only one known Archaea but we learn rules not exceptions

Periplasm

In gram positive and gram negative bacteria (Gram-Negative have thicker layer)
So few archaea have periplasm that we will not count them

Lysozyme Sensitive

Beta 1,4-glycoside bond (abundantly present in Gram-Positive Bacteria)
- Found in most Bacteria (both + and -)

S-Layer

Hallmark of Archaea, bacteria have this as well
- Almost all archaea
- Only certain bacteria

Peptidoglycan

All bacteria with a cell wall (more in Gram + bacteria)

Thick Peptidoglycan Layer

Gram Positive Bacteria (20+ layers)

Pesudopeptidoglycan

Archaea Cell Walls (not all Archaea)

Penicillin Sensitive

Peptide M-M Bond; Gram Positive Bacteria
More peptide bonds in +
Inhibits dividing cells only

Beta 1,3 glycosidic bond

Archaea; not broken by lysozyme

Thin Peptidoglycan

Gram negative bacteria only
Usually 1-2 layers

Lipopolysaccharides

Gram negative bacteria only
Adds structure embedded in outer membrane
Virulence factor

Teichoic Acid

Gram-positive Bacteria
Adds structure

Beta 1,4 glycosidic bond

Lysozyme sensitive (found in tears/saliva)
Bacteria only