Chemistry Ch. 4-Naming Alkanes + Functional Groups, Isomers

1 carbon

meth-

2 carbons

eth-

3 carbons

prop-

4 carbons

but-

5 carbons

pent-

6 carbons

hex-

7 carbons

hept-

8 carbons

oct-

9 carbons

non-

10 carbons

dec-

-ane

all single bonds

-ene

any double bonds

-yne

any triple bonds

alkane

not an FG, C-C single bonds

alkene

C-C double bonds; RCHCH2

alkyne

C-C triple bonds;RCCH

Aromatic

planar, conjugated ring; Benzene=C6H6

alcohol

hydroxyl group; 1,2,3; ROH

phenol

PhOH, C6H5OH

ether

alkoxy group;ROR

aldehyde

formaldehyde; RCHO, RC(O)H

ketone

acetyl (Ac) Motif=one R group is a CH3

carboxylic acid

RCO2H, RCOOH, RC(O)OH

carboxylate

c.b. of carboxylic acid; neg charge

ester

carbonyl; RCO2R, RCOOR, RC(O)OR

amine

1,2,3,4; R-NH2

amide

1,2,3; RCONR2,RC(O)NR2

thiol

R-SH

thioether

a.k.a. sulfide; R-S-R

disulfide

RSSR

phosphate

similar to the polyatomic PO43-; RPO42-

structural (skeletal/constitutional) isomers

when two molecules have the same molecular formula but different connectivity

conformational isomer

same molecule but with bonds bent in different directions

enantiomer

flip every wedge to dash and every dash to wedge

chiral carbon

tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms