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Solution
Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Solutions may be liquid,solid,or gaseous
Solvent
Substance present im the greatest quantity
Solute
Substance other than the solvent. Solutes are said to be dissolved in the solvent
Aqueous solution
A liquid in which the solvent is water
Dissolving covalent
Molecules remain intact
dissolving ionic
Solutes dissoaciate into ions
Precipitate
Insoluble compounds that forms during a reaction
Molecular solids dissolve (covalent compounds)
Non electrolytes
Solid ionic dissociate
Strong electrolytes
Strong acids and strong bases dissociate
Strong electrolytes
The disscoation of weak acids and weak based is negligible
Weal electrolytes
Concentration
The amount of solute present in a given quantity of a solvent or solution
Molarity (molar concentration)
Moles of solute per liter of solution
Group 1A
Always +1
Group 2A
Always +2
Halogens (group 17)
Usually -1, positive with oxygen
H
+1 with nonmetals
-2 with metals
O
Usually -2
-1 in peroxide
F
Always -1
When ON increases
its oxidation
When ON decreases
Its reduction