BSCI222 vocab

mRNA (messenger RNA)

protein coding information for ribosomes.

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

structural component of ribosome; binding to RNAs.

tRNA (transfer RNA)

binds mRNA; delivers amino acids to ribosome.

snRNA (small nuclear RNA)

part of spliceosome

miRNA (micro RNA)

regulates mRNA utilization

siRNA (small interfering RNA)

initiates degradation of viral RNA.

RNA polymerase is the enzyme for …

transcription

Prokaryotes has only _____ RNA polymerase

one RNA polymerase

Eukaryotes have how many RNA pol and what are their names

3 RNA pol.

RNA pol I (rRNA), RNA pol II (mRNA), RNA pol III (tRNA)

TATAAT box at ___bp?

-10

TTGACA box at ___bp?

-35

What are Sigma factors?

bind to RNA polymerase, aids in positioning at TATA box.

Interaction of ______ and _____ induces strand separation at TATA box.

RNA pol and DNA

Transcription begins at ___

1+

What is Rho-dependent?

termination sequence is transcribed, with rut site where Rho protein binds. Rho moves in 5'->3' direction along RNA, and when it reaches the polymerase it disrupts RNA:DNA interaction, freeing the RNA.

What is Rho-independent?

termination sequence is transcribed, reverse-complementary sequences on RNA interact forming hairpin structure, which cause loss of RNA:DNA interaction, freeing the RNA

Polycistronic RNA in Eukaryotes

several protein-coding genes in tandem downstream of one common promoter. Transcription makes one long RNA that codes for several proteins, each of which can be translated at the same time.

Chromatin remodeling is…

histones in nucleosomes are modified by de-methylation and acetylation to make DNA available for transcription