ANAPHY NEURO

Neurons

functional unit of nervous system

neuroglia or glial cells, or glia

Supporting cells - insulate ( myelin sheath )

astrocytes

Determine permeability and exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons

microglia

Dispose of debris

ependymal cells

• Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord

• Cilia assist with circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

oligodendrocytes

• Wrap around nerve fibers in the central nervous system

• Produce myelin sheaths in the CNS

Schwann cells

Form myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS

Satellite cells

Protect and cushion neuron cell bodies

Neurofibrils

Intermediate filaments that maintain cell shape

Nissl bodies

are dense aggregations of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and free ribosomes found in the cytoplasm of neurons.

Dendrites

• receive the impulse from another neuron

• conduct impulses toward the cell body

Axons

• send impulse to the next dendrite

• conduct impulses away from the cell body

Synaptic cleft

gap between axon terminals and the next neuron

Synapse

functional junction between nerves where a nerve impulse is transmitted

Nodes of Ranvier

gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER

• These allow much faster transmission of impulse

• Impulse jumps from one node to another

Neurilemma

part of the Schwann cell external to the myelin sheath

White matter

collections of myelinated fibers (tracts)

Gray matter

mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies

Tracts

bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS

Ganglia

collections of cell bodies outside the CNS in the PNS