Eukaryotes - lecture 9

Symbiosis

Individuals of two different species live in physical contact.

Endosymbiosis

When an organism of one species lives inside organisms of another species.

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Organelles that originated when large prokaryotes engulfed but did not digest smaller prokaryotes.

Mutual Benefits

The advantages gained by both organisms in an endosymbiotic relationship.

Binary Fission

The process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce by dividing into two identical copies.

Origin of Eukaryotic Cell

Infolded plasma membrane attached to chromosomes, forming the nuclear envelope.

Endosymbiont Theory

The scientific consensus for the origin of eukaryotic cells, stating that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger prokaryotes.