ART EXAM 2

Civilization

to distinguish cultures, or composites of cultures, that have fairly complex social orders and relatively high degrees of technical development is

Contrapposto

 "counterpoised,” a pose when a figure bears most of his weight on one leg, which indicates movement and naturalism.

Humanism

 the new philosophical, literary and artistic movement that combined theological concerns with intellectual and scientific inquiry and rediscovered the classical culture of Greece and Rome.

Icon

 a representation or image of a sacred person

Ziggurat

A rectangular or square stepped pyramid, often with a temple at its top.

Ka

the soul or life force of a person, often in reference to a royal or a pharaoh

Linear perspective

illusion of depth created using converging lines and a vanishing point

Iconoclast

in Byzantine art, one who opposes the creation of, and orders the destruction of, images of holy persons, believing that they promote idolatry.

Dome

a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base.

Arch

A curved structure designed to span an opening, usually made of stone or other masonry. Roman arches are semicircular; Islamic and Gothic arches come to a point at the top.

Sfumato

 “in the manner of smoke”-- a painting technique invented by Leonardo da Vinci.

Chiaroscuro

 strong contrast between light and dark to create volume

Gothic

The term or culture which refers to the European Christian architectural style whose pointed arch superseded the Romanesque round arch is

Renaissance

“rebirth,” specifically of classical values, and is a group of artists and intellectuals who were the first in European history to give their own era an identifying name.

Romanesque

A style of European architecture prevalent from the ninth to the twelfth centuries with round arches and barrel vaults influenced by Roman architecture and characterized by heavy stone construction.

Baroque

dramatically activates viewers’ emotions, often in line with the Counter-Reformation.

The panels of the Great Lyre with Bull’s Head represent

scenes from the Epic of Gilgamesh, the first ever literary text, which was written in cuneiform, a type of writing that the Sumerians invented.

Classical art of Greece and Rome, which is defined as the Classical West, emphasizes all of the following except

expressive emotion.

All of the following are pros for returning the Elgin Marbles to Greece except

history of conservation of the Parthenon and its sculptures in Greece.

The round arch, the keystone, the barrel vault, and the groin vault are all

Ancient Roman architectural elements or principles of construction.

The Church of San Vitale was commissioned by

Emporer Justinian and Empress Theodora. 

David by Donatello is characterized by all of the following except

celebrated the triumph of Rome, Italy over Florence, Italy.

The Baroque period is characterized by art and architecture that 

dramatically activates viewers’ emotions, often in line with the Counter-Reformation.