xi qiu ap art history roman and etruscan art

Etruscan Art

Tenth century BCE to c.270 BCE

Is studied as a unit, rather than by individual city-states

shows a number of ancient influences

primarily through archaeology

etruscans are people who lived in italy prior to romans

Romans took inspiration from greek and etruscan

etruscans took inspiration from greeks

Tomb of the Triclinium

C.480-470 BCE tarquinia, Italy

named after a triclinium, an ancient roman dning table, which appears in the fresco (water-based paint directly onto wet plaster)

banqueting couples recline, eating in the ancient manner

ancient convention of men painted in darker colors than women

trees spring up between the main figures, and shrubbery grows beneath the reclining couches-perhaps suggesting a rural setting

perhaps a funeral banquet is intended, but the emotions are of celebration

Ceiling has polychrome checkerboard patter;circles may symbolize time

dancing figures play musical instruments in festive celebration of the dead

Sarcopahgus of the spouses from Cerveteri

C.520 BCE, terracotta

Sarcopahgus of a married couple, whose ashes were placed inside

full-length protratis

both once held objects in their hands-perhaps an egg to symbolize life after death

great concentration on the upper body; less on the legs

bodies make an unrealistic L-turn to the legs

ancient tradition of reclining while eating;represents a banquet couch

symbiotic relationship: man has a protective gesture around the woman; the woman feeds the man; reflects the high standing women had in etruscan society

broad shoulders; little anatomical modeling

emanicated hands

made in 4 seperate peices then merged

apollo from veii

C.510 terracotta

one of four large figures that once stood on the roof of the temple at veii dedicated to minerva

meant to be seen from below

figure has spirit, moves quickly as it strides forward

archaic greek smile

may have been carved by vulcan of veii, the most famous etruscan sculptor of the age

triclinium

a dining table in ancient rome that has a couch on three sides for reclining at meals

tuscan order

an order of ancient architecture featureing slender, smooth column that sit on simple; no carvings on the frieze or in the capitals

Roman art

time period: 735 BCE -fifth century CE

legendary founding of rome by romulus and remus 753 BCE

roman republic 509BCE-27 BCE

27 BCE -410 BCE

Roman art is characterized by a pantheon of gods celebrated in large civic and religious buildings

roman architecure has a large public elements and is influenced by etruscan and greek project models - romans architecure has a great deal of variety and willingness to experiment

roman art was revived with an eighteenth centruy intrerest in roman laws, governmeny and philophosy

Roman architecture is revolutionary in its understanding of the powers of the arch, the vault, and concrete.

A history of Roman painting survives on the walls of Pompeiian villas.

Romans show an interest in the basic elements of perspective and foreshortening.

House of the Vettii

Second centruy BCE

stone and fresco pompeii italy

-two brother owned the house;btoh were freedmen who theirmoney as merchant

-narrow entracne sandwiched between several shops

-large reception area, called the atrium, that is open to the sky and has sa catch basin called an impluvium in the center; cubicula radiate around the atrium

-peristyle garden in rear, with fountain, statuary, and more cubicula; this is the privarte area of the house

-axial symmetry of house; someone entering the house can see all the way through to the peristyle garden in the rear

-exterior of hosue lacks windows; interior lighting comes from the atrium and the peristyle

The colosseum

72-80 Ce stone and concrete, Rome

-real name is flavian amphitheatre

0accommodated 50,00 spectators

concrete core, brick casing, travertine facing

-76 entraces and exits circle the facade

-interplay of barrel vaults, groin vaults, arches

-meant for wild and dangerous spectacles

-facade has engaged colums: first story tuscan, second floor ionic, thrid floor corinthian , top flattened corinthian;each thought of as a lighter than the order below

-above squared windows at otp lvel are small brackets that are meant to hold flagstaffs; these staffs are small brackets that are meant to hold flagstaffs; these staffs are the anchors for a retractable canvas roof used to protect the crowd on hots

-much of the marble was pulled off in the middle ages

Treasury monastery and grat temple of petra, jordan

c,400 BCE -100 CE

-petra as a central city of the nabataeans, a nomaidc people

-city build along a caravan route

-buried their dead in tombs cut out of the sandstone cliffs

-500 royal tombs in the rock, but no human remains found;burial practices are unknown

tom named AL-Khazneh, the treasury

lower sotry had the iinfleucne of greek and roman temples

comuns not proportianlly spaced

upper floor broken pedimet with a central tholos

combination of roman and indigenous traditions

nabataean concept and roman features like corinthian columns

greek, egyptian, Assyrian gods on the facade

Forum of trajan

106-112 CE

Built was booty collected from trajan’s victory over the dacians

large central plaza fnalked by stoa-like buildings on each flank

originally held and equestrain moniument dedicated to trajan in the center

part of a complex that included the basilica of ulpia, the markets of trajan, and the comun of trajan