The Expanding Universe Exam 1

flat earth

the misconception that people at the time of columbus believed in a ______ was listed by the historical society (of Britain) as the second most common error in history

constellations

observers in ancient times imagined groups of starts that form pictures of animals, objects and people called

orion balatik

the greek call a constellation ___ while in east asia it’s ___

polaris

the north star

merak dubhe

the pointer stars in the big dipper

the gods

early people thought that the constellations were created by ____

babylonians, greeks, egyptians

we inherited the names for our constellations from

orion

____ signals the coming of the cold season

polaris

____ is widely used in navigation

alpha

when the star is named with ____, you know it is the brightest star in the constellation

ecliptic

the path of the sun

astronomy

the science dealing with all the celestial bodies in the universe

cosmology

the branch of astronomy that deals with the cosmos or universe as a whole

5000

astronomy has been an exact science for about _____ years

renaissance 20th

the most rapid advancements in astronomy have occurred during the _____ and the ___ century

telescope

the most rapid advancements in astronomy came with the invention of the ______

365.25

the rotation period of the earth around the sun is ____ days

celestial sphere

the _____ ____ is an imaginary x surrounding the Earth, on which we picture the stars attached

noon

the time when the sun reaches it’s highest altitude in the observer’s sky

south

either opposite of direction to north star

away faster

every interstellar object is moving ___ from earth and how much farther something is away from earth the _____ its moving

Hubble

famous astronomer in the 20th century

megaparsec

a _____ is a measurement of distance equal to one million parsecs or 3.26 million light years

Vr=H*d

Hubbles Law

Vr

in Hubble’s Law, what stands for the recessional velocity of a galaxy?

d

In Hubble’s Law, what stands for the distance to the galaxy in Mpc?

H

In Hubble’s Law, what stands for the Hubble Constant?

70 74

The Hubble’s constant is believed to be about ___ - ___

doppler shift

the ____ formula shows how much light is affected by velocity and allows astronomers determine velocity based on measurable effects

away

in a doppler shift, if the value is positive then it is moving ____ from you

z

what variable is used for redshift?

v

what variable is used for doppler shift?

relativistic redshift

what formula is used in place of the doppler formula when the velocities become too large to be accurately represented by the regular doppler formula

10

what percent of the speed of light velocity should you use the relativistic redshift formula

365.25

it takes ____ days for the earth to make one rotation around its axis

150 kilometers

the earth is about _____from the sun

elliptical

the earth travels in an ____ orbit around the sun

winter

when we are closest to the sun, it is ___

neil armstrong

who was the first man on the moon

first quarter

it is new moon, in one week what will the phase of the moon be

direction horizon

the location of any object in the sky can be described by its ____ and _____ along the horizon

minutes

‘ means

seconds

“ means

distance

the most important measurement in astronomy is

light years

stars are measured by

100,000 light years

galaxies are measured by

billions of light years

universes are measured by

8

it takes __ minutes to see light from the sun

angular distance

the angle that appears to separate two objects in the sky is also known as _________

3600

how many seconds are in 1 degree

ecliptic

the apparent path of the sun against the backdrop of the celestial sphere is called the ____

5

the sun is made of materials that are __ times lighter than the stuff Earth is made out of

north

the sun culminates in the ___ in the southern hemisphere

celestial pole

the sky seems to turn around the ______

longer

objects closer to the pole have a ___ daily arc

counterclockwise

stars move _____ around the CNP in a sidereal day

apparent motion

motion as it appears in the sky

zenith

the point right above you

east

the sun rises in the

west

the sun sets in the

south

the sun culminates in the

circumpolar

term when something never sets

15

every hour the sky dome rotates ___ degrees

23.5

How many degrees in the Earth’s axis tilted?

eccentricity

what is the term for measuring how much a circle is not even

12

on september 22, how many hours of daylight are received by location in the antartic cirlce

24

on june 22nd, how many hours of daylight are received by locations in the arctic circle

fall

on march 22nd, what season is it in the southern hemisphere?

tropic of capricorn

on december 22nd, where is the location of the most intense sunlight on the planet

23hrs 56m 4.1s

how long is a sidereal day

24hrs

how long is a solar day

stars 4

___ rise ___ minutes earlier each night

15 daily motion 1 seasonal motion

the celestial sphere turns ___ degrees per hour due to ___ and degrees per day due to __

15 earlier

the stars look the same if you observe them ___ days later but 1 hour ____

2

in one month, the stars rise ___ hours earlier compared to the sun

3500 kilometers

the moon is a giant ball of rock _____ across hanging in space

phase of the moon

the ______ refers to what shape the moon appears to us

terminator

the line dividing the lit side of the moon and the dark side of the moon, the ______

29.5 days

the length of time it takes the moon to go through all its phases

lunar

(SEM) eclipse

solar

(SME) eclipse

umbra

region of total shadow

penumbra

region of partial shadow

5

the moon’s orbit is tilted ___ degrees

corona

the sun’s ___ is the outermost part of the sun’s atmosphere

annular

an eclipse in which a thin outer ring of the sun’s disk is not covered by the smaller dark disk of the moon

moon moves into earth’s shadow and out of if for hours

synodic period

mars rotates around the sun in 780 days, what is this called

triangulation

looking at your thumb and observing the jump between your eyes is called

parallax

the apparent displacement or the difference in apparent direction of an object as seen from two different points not on a straight line with the object

bigger

the closer the object, the ___ the parallax

no

can theory ever be proven true

estimate of the uncertainty

with every measurement, it is essential to provide an

small error

high precision means ____ ___

close accepted value

high accuracy means ___ to an ___ ___

error margin

results agree if they are in the ___ ___ of each other

decreases

as sample size increases, the margin of error ___

distances

without ____, we do not know the size of an object

maria

the ___ was formed by the basaltic laval that flowed into and filled the lower lowlands