Reactivity series

How can metals be arranged in a reactivity series based on reactions with water and acids?

By observing how quickly they react with water or dilute hydrochloric/sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen gas.

What does a faster reaction with water or acid indicate about a metal's reactivity?

The more reactive the metal is.

How can metals be arranged in a reactivity series based on reactions with water and acids?

By observing how quickly they react with water or dilute hydrochloric/sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen gas.

What does a faster reaction with water or acid indicate about a metal's reactivity?

The more reactive the metal is.

How can displacement reactions be used to arrange metals in a reactivity series?

More reactive metals will displace less reactive metals from their oxides or aqueous salt solutions.

What are the two types of displacement reactions used to determine reactivity?

1. Metal + Metal oxide 2. Metal + Aqueous metal salt solution

What is the correct reactivity order for these metals?

Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Silver, Gold

Under what conditions does iron rust?

When both oxygen and water are present.

What are 3 methods to prevent iron from rusting?

1. Barrier methods (e.g., painting, oiling) 2. Galvanising (coating with zinc) 3. Sacrificial protection (using a more reactive metal)

What is oxidation (in terms of oxygen and electrons)?

Gain of oxygen or loss of electrons.

What is reduction (in terms of oxygen and electrons)?

Loss of oxygen or gain of electrons.

What is a redox reaction?

A reaction that involves both reduction and oxidation.

What is an oxidising agent?

A substance that gains electrons and oxidises another substance.

What is a reducing agent?

A substance that loses electrons and reduces another substance.

What is the purpose of the practical in 2.7?

To investigate how different metals (e.g., magnesium, zinc, iron) react with dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, comparing their reactivity.