APUSH President Semester 1

Hi I'm T and here's my flashcards yee

1 (1789-1797)

George Washington

None - Federalist

Caused the French and Indian War

Clause of Neutrality

Established a national bank

Surpressed the Whiskey Rebellion

2 (1797-1801)

John Adams

Federalist

Signed the Alien and Sedition Acts

Co-wrote the Declaration of Independence

3 (1801-1809)

Thomas Jefferson

Democratic-Republican

Jeffersonians - State’s rights, Elites for presidency, did not trust the bank

4 (1809-1817)

James Madison

Democratic-Republican

War of 1812 (British 3-pronged invasion, burned the white house)

Co-author of the Federalist papers

Virginia Plan - Three branches in gov’t (government)

5 (1817-1825)

James Monroe

Democratic-Republican

Monroe Doctrine - Warned Europeans against future colonization in America.

Oversaw the Missouri Compromise

Adams-Onis Treaty: Acquired Florida

6 (1825-1829)

John Quincy Adams

Democratic-Republican

Hencry Clay’s American System - Advocated for internal improvements - Railroads, canals

Rush-Bagot Agreement - Limited naval army in Great Lakes

7 (1829-1837)

Andrew Jackson

Democrat

“Killed“ second national bank

Indian Removal Act - Trail of Tears

Spoils System

Nullification Crisis - Refused South Carolina’s request for nullfying tariffs

Strengthened preisdency

8 (1837-1841)

Martin Van Buren

Democrat

Fostered Panic of 1837, passed Independent Treasury
Advocated for little government intevention - laissez faire

Opposed annexing Texas

9 (1841)

William H. Harrison

Whig

Shortest Presidency + Longest Inaugural speech ever

10 (1841-1845)

John Tyler

Whig

Expelled by the Whigs for vetoing the bank bills

Tariff of 1842 - Resolving Webster-Ashton Treaty Boundary Dispute

Annexed Texas - Fueled Manifest Destiny

11 (1845-1849)

James K. Polk

Democrat

"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!" The northern latitude line aimed to secure U.S. claims in Oregon

Oregon Treaty of 1846 - Establish U.S. border at the 49th parallel

Mexican-American War - Resolved by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848

12 (1849-1850)

Zachary Taylor

Whig

Urging California and New Mexico settlers to bypass territorial status and apply for statehood

Compromise of 1850 - established Utah and New Mexico territories with popular sovereignty, Texas-New Mexico Boundary, Stricter Fugitive Slave Act

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850). Signed with Britain, opened all Central American canals to both nations

13 (1850-1853)

Millard FIllmore

Whig

Compromise of 1850 - Tried to defuse tensions between N and S, believing it would prevent civil war

Strengthening the Fugitive Slave Act

Oversaw the organization of the New Mexico and Utah territories (popular sovereignty)

Approved the end of the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

14 (1853-1857)

Franklin Pierce

Democrat

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) - Popular Sovereingty, Bleeding Kansas

15 (1857-1861)

James Buchanan

Democrat

Dred Scott Case (1857) - Supported the Supreme Court's ruling that black people were not citizens

Leocompton Constitution (1857) - Aimed to admit Kansa as a slave state, despite significant anti-slavery sentiment

Bleeding Kansas

Panic of 1857

South seceding - Buchanan said that he lacked the authority to stop them

16 (1861-1865)

Abraham Lincoln

Republican

Preserved the Union

Emancipation Proclamation (1863) - Declared slaves in Confederate territory to be free

13th Amendment - Abolished slavery

Leadership during Civil War

Gettysburg Address (1863) - Redefined the purpose of the war

Union cause is linked to human equality and democratic ideals

HomeStead Act (1862)

Morrill Land-Grant Act (1862), Free land for universities

17 (1865-1869)

Andrew Johnson

National Union

Oversaw reconstruction

Vetoing cvil rights bill such as Civil Rights Act of 1866

Freedmen's Bureau Act

Purchasing Alaska

Monroe Doctrine

Allowed the South to enact Black Codes

18 (1869-1877)

Ulysses S. Grant

Republican

Enforcement Acts - used force against the KKK

Administration plagued by significant corruption scandals (Credit Mobilier, Whiskey Ring)

Panic of 1873

19 (1877-1881)

Rutherford Hayes

Republican

Compromise of 1877 - Ended Reconstruction by withdrawing troops from the South

Ushering in Jim Crow era

Pendelton Act

Monetary stability (gold standard)

Establish a theme of honest government against Gilded Age corruption

20 (1881)

James Garfield

Republican

Battled Stalwart Republicans

African American civil rights, naval modernization
Assassinated by a disgruntled office seeker

21 (1881-1885)

Chester Arthur

Republican

Civil Service Reforms - Signed Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (1883)

Established merit-based federal jobs

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Marked change in Gilded Age politics

Tariff Act of 1883 - reduced average tariffs by around 1.47%

22 (1885-1889)

Grover Cleveland

Democrat

Civil service reform - Regulating railroads via the Interstate Commerce Commission

Efforts to lower tariffs

Panic of 1893

Pullman strike

Address Hawaiian annexation issues

23 (1889-1893)

Benjamin Harrison

Republican

Protective tariffs (McKinely Tariff)

Signed the Sherman Antitrust Act

Significantly expanded the U.S Navy
Saw six new states to join the union

24 (1893-1897)

Grover Cleveland

Democrat

The interstate COmmerce COmmission regulate railroads, establishing fair rates and prohibiting discriminatory practices like rebates, marking the beginning of federal regulation of private industry

24th Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

25 (1897-1901)

William McKinelyMcKinley

Republican

Spanish-American War (1898): Urged Spain to grant Cuban independence, but the intervention of the military led to a swift U.S. victory and acquisition of overseas territories

Annexed Hawaii and gained control of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, and American Samoa

The Open Door Policy (China)

Helped solidify Republican dominance

26 (1901-1909) (Extra)

Theodore Roosevelt

Republican

"Square Deal" - Trust-Busting

Consumer Protection (Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act)

Conservation

Promoted American power with the Panama Canal