Stop and Frisk Exam

What is "stop and frisk"?

A method used by law enforcement to search individuals without probable cause

Which Supreme Court case established the legal framework for stop and frisk in the United States?

Terry v. Ohio

In the context of stop and frisk, what does "reasonable suspicion" mean?

A belief based on evidence that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be committed

What is the primary purpose of a frisk during a stop and frisk encounter?

To ensure officer safety by detecting weapons

Which demographic groups are disproportionately targeted by stop and frisk policies?

Black/Brown people

Which amendment of the U.S. Constitution is particularly relevant to discussions about stop and frisk?

The Fourth Amendment

In which city did stop and frisk policies become particularly controversial in the 2000s and 2010s?

New York City

Which of the doctrine resulted from the Minnesota -v- Dickenson case?

Plain feel docrtine

Which factor distinguishes a stop and frisk from a traditional arrest?

The presence of a warrant and the duration of the detention

What is a common criticism of stop and frisk policies?

They are ineffective in reducing crime rates and they violate individuals' constitutional rights

What is the standard of proof required for a stop and frisk to be lawful?

Articulable Reasonable Suspicion

Which of the following scenarios would typically justify a stop and frisk?

An individual matching the description of a suspect fleeing a crime scene

What is the role of racial profiling in the implementation of stop and frisk policies?

It can lead to disproportionate targeting of minority communities

What is the primary legal standard for determining the constitutionality of a stop and frisk encounter?

Reasonable suspicion (ARS)

Which of the following actions might a law enforcement officer take during a stop and frisk encounter?

Requesting identification and conducting a pat-down search

What is the primary concern regarding the potential misuse of stop and frisk tactics?

Violation of civil liberties

Which of the following best describes the term "articulable suspicion"?

A suspicion based on concrete evidence or observations

How does stop and frisk relate to the concept of "community policing"?

It has no relationship with community policing and/or it undermines the principles of community policing

What is a potential consequence of conducting stop and frisk encounters improperly?

Legal challenges and civil lawsuits

How does stop and frisk impact public perceptions of law enforcement?

It generates fear and resentment

Which constitutional amendment protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures?

Fourth

In which situation would a stop and frisk encounter likely be deemed unconstitutional?

When conducted due to suspicion of carrying drugs

How do stop and frisk policies impact police-community relations?

They erode trust and cooperation

Which of the following is a potential consequence of an unlawful stop and frisk?

Legal repercussions for law enforcement

What role does discretion play in the implementation of stop and frisk policies?

It allows officers to make judgment calls based on individual circumstances

How do stop and frisk encounters affect individuals' perceptions of personal safety?

They create uncertainty about personal safety and they diminish feelings of safety and security

Which factor contributes to the potential abuse of stop and frisk tactics?

Ambiguity in legal standards and guidelines

What is the primary objective of stop and frisk policies from a law enforcement perspective?

To enhance officer safety and public safety

What is a potential alternative to stop and frisk policies for addressing public safety concerns?

Enhanced community engagement and trust-building initiatives

True or False: To be able to retrieve contraband during a stop and frisk the item must be immediately recognizable as such?

True

True or False: It is permissible to stop a car for a Tier 1 stop?

False

True or False: You may "frisk" a vehicle if you suspect there are drugs being hidden?

False

What does the "Loitering and Prowling" statute in Georgia specifically say an officer must do prior to charging someone?

Give the person the benefit of doubt