Adolescent Development Exam 2

immoral development

involves changes in thoughts and feelings and behaviors regarding the standards of right and wrong

intrapersonal dimension of moral development

regulates a person’s activities when they are not engaged in social interaction

intrapersonal dimensions of moral development

regulates a person’s activities when they are not engaged in social interaction

interpersonal dimensions of moral development

regulates social interactions and arbitrates conflict

kohlberg’s cognitive developmental theory

people’s judgements of whether given behaviors are morally right or wrong begin to ago beyond the superficial reasons they gave when they were younger to encompass more complex coordination of multiple perspectives

preconventional reasoning

moral reasoning is strongly influenced by external punishment and reward “eye for an eye” level of moral development

conventional reasoning

individuals develop expectations about social roles, individuals come to understand that for a community and nation to work effectively, they need to be protected by laws that everyone follows

postconventional reasoning

conventional considerations are now judged against moral concerns such as liberty, justice and equality, with the idea that morality can improve laws, fix them, and guide conventional institutions in the direction of a better world

moral justification

people don’t usually engage in harmful conduct until they have justified the morality of their actions to themselves, in this process, immoral conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it as serving socially worthy or moral purposes

care perspective

moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others

social cognitive theory of moral development

emphasizes a distinction between adolescents’ moral competence and moral performance

moral competence

the ability to produce moral behaviors

moral performance

the enactment of those behaviors in specific situations

altruism

an unselfish interest in helping another person

forgiveness

an aspect of prosocial behavior that occurs when the injured person releases the injurer from possible behavioral retaliation

ego ideal

the component of the superego that involves ideal standards approved by parents

conscience

the component of the superego that discourages behaviors disapproved of by parents

empathy

reacting to another’s feelings with an emotional response that is similar to that person’s feelings

moral identity

an aspect of personality that is present when individuals have moral notions and commitments that are central to their lives

moral character

having strong convictions, persisting, and overcoming distractions, and obstacles. presupposes that the person has set moral goals and that achieving those goals involves the commitment to act in accord with those goals.

moral motivation

prioritizing moral values over other personal values

moral exemplars

people who have led exemplary lives

social domain theory

theory that identifies different domains of social knowledge and reasoning, including moral, social conventional, and personal domains

social conventional reasoning

thoughts on conventional rules that have been established by social consensus in order to control behavior and maintain the social system

love withdrawal

disciplinary technique in which a parent withholds attention or love from the adolescent

power assertion

a disciplinary technique in which a parent attempts to gain control over the adolescent’s resources

induction

the disciplinary technique in which a parent uses reason and explains how the adolescent’s antisocial actions are likely to affect others

hidden curriculum

the pervasive moral atmosphere that characterizes every school

character education

a direct moral education approach that focuses on helping people clarify what is important to them, what is worth working for, and what is their purpose in life

service learning

a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community

values

beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be

religion

an organized set of beliefs, practices, rituals, and symbols that increases an individual’s connection to a sacred or transcendent other

religiousness

refers to the degree of affiliation with an organized religion, participation in its prescribed rituals and practices, connection with its beliefs, and involvement in a community of believers

spirituality

involves experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner and living in a way that benefits others and society

reasoning

how people think about moral dilemmas

behavior

how people behave in situations that call for moral judgements