Humanities - a6

why not China? - exploration

Had been sailing the Indian Ocean since the 1st century

Used armed junks (Chinese sailing ships) with multiple masts and sails since the 2nd century

Invented the magnetic compass in the 12th century

More advanced in astronomy and navigation

But china faced internal struggles

Why not the Arabs? - exploration

Dominated the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean in the 9th century

Controlled the Spice Islands of Malaysia, gold-rich Africa, and cotton/silk-producing Asia.

Developed methods of determining latitude

Use of the astrolabe

But most were land based nations who had little incentive for ocean exploration

why Europe?

Better ships that could carry heavy loads on the Atlantic

Map-making became more accurate

Adoption of gunpowder

Advances in metalworks

who was prince henry the navigator

NOT an explorer, opened a school for navigation, cartography, and astronomy

what was the caravel?

Small, fast sailing ship of the 15th-17th centuries developed by the Portuguese that used triangular shaped lateen sails

who located a route to India and what country were they from?

Vasco de Gama; portugal

why did spain colonize?

silver

what was the mita system?

1/7 of the male population were forced to work in mines

how did silver affect spain?

stimulated Spanish and world economy

what was the hacienda system?

series of estates using indegenous workers to grow and sell crops

what was the encomienda system?

a system where the Spanish were given land grants (along with anything on the land)

what did the natives have to do in the encomienda system? what were the landowners responsibilities?

pay tribute; give protection and bring chritianity

who used the ecnomienda system?

the spanish

what did the Portuguese focus on? where?

sugar; brazil

what system did the Portuguese use?

the casta system

what did the casta system rely on?

slaves, the engenho

what kind of hierarchy was the casta system

strict racial hierarchy

what was the Columbian exchange?

The exchange of diseases, ideas, food, crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World following the voyage to the Americas and by Christopher Columbus in 1492

why did the old world settlers think the natives were sinning?

they were getting sick a lot

which place had the most slaves? who had the least?

the Caribbean; North America

what is Voodoo?

a religion that came from African religions brought by the slaves, native traditions, and christianity

where is Voodoo practiced today?

all around the world, but mainly in the deep south, the Caribbean, and especially Haiti.