Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions

Flashcards covering key concepts in stoichiometry, chemical reactions, empirical and molecular formulas, significant digits, and gas laws.

What are stoichiometric ratios?

The proportional relationships between reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation.

How do you perform mole-mole stoichiometric calculations?

Write a balanced chemical equation and use the mole ratio.

What is the ideal gas law equation?

PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.

What is the formula for calculating percent yield?

Percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) * 100%.

Define limiting reactant with an example.

The reactant that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction; for example, in making grilled cheese, cheese is the limiting reactant if you have more bread than cheese.

What is an empirical formula?

The simplified ratio of atoms in a compound, such as H2O having a 2:1 ratio of H to O.

How do you convert a percent composition to grams?

If given a percent, convert it to grams by treating the percentage as grams; for example, 27.95% = 27.95 grams.

What are significant digits?

Digits in a number that carry meaning contributing to its precision, including all non-zero numbers and certain zeros.

When is a zero considered significant?

Zeros between non-zero numbers and trailing zeros to the right of a decimal point are significant.

What is the relationship between moles and gas volume at STP?

1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 liters at standard temperature and pressure (STP).