Unit 3 Classical civilizations TEST study cards

What is a fact?

A statement that can be proven true or false based on evidence or reality.

What is an opinion?

A belief or judgment that is subjective and cannot be proven true or false, as it reflects personal feelings or interpretations.

What characteristics make a civilization a Golden Age? list three key factors.

A period of peace

Economic prosperity and trade

Lasts a long time

Borders expanded

Creativity in the Arts

Public works projects

Individual freedom and participationin government and society.

Qin and han: What took place during each dynasty?

Qin: unified China, ordered great wall of China, built roads, created one common currency/weights/measures, believed in legalism, strong and harsh rules, terracotta army

Han: created a stable government, improved the Great Wall, and strengthened the army. Invented paper, civil service exam.

What did they have in common? (What did they both do?)

Both worked on the Great Wall to protect their border. Both wanted to unify China and to have a stable government.

Were the Qin and Han empires the same size?

Qin was smaller than the Han

Think about the different leaders of each Dynasty. What did they accomplish, How were they viewed as a ruler?

Liu Bang: First emperor of the Han dynasty. Made a stable government that was less harsh than Shi Haungdi’s. Civil service based on Confucianism

Shi Huangdi : QIN DYNASTY: unified China, started many projects to protect China. Harsh Laws. Strong army. Burned books. Forced labor. Some believed he was a strong and great ruler, others believed he was evil.

Wudi: The Emperor Wudi started a system of public schools, great warrior, expanded China

How did the geography of China affect the dynasties?

China's deserts, mountains, and rivers helped shape its civilization. In the beginning, natural barriers somewhat isolated, or cut off, China's civilization from much of the rest of the world.

What were the major contributions of each dynasty?

Qin: Silent Army, Great Wall of China, Divided China into Districts, Made a system of writing, System of money, Unified laws

Han: Advanced in Technology, arts, medical and education, Invented paper

What is Confucianism? (loyalty/respect)

Confucianism is a way of life rather than a religion. People know their place in family and society. They should respect those above and below them. Treat others justly. The Golden Rule. People in authority must set a good example. If a ruler was fair his people would follow his example.

What architecture from these civilizations is still around today?

The Great Wall

Silk Road - What was it?

Any route that led across China to Rome. Used for trading.

What’s the importance of it?

This route allowed ideas to be shared between civilizations. (religion, different beliefs, philosophies, and cultures).

What was exchanged on it? Think about things other than goods.

Traded silk, food, diseases, medicine, ideas, horses, books, art, religion/faith.

Why did Athens and Sparta develop as separate city-states with different political systems? (Think about the geography of Greece)

Greece had a lot of  mountains which led to the development of the polis (city-state). The high mountains made it very difficult for people to travel or communicate. This meant that each polis developed independently and differently from one another.

What was the focus of Athens? What did they think a loyal Athenian should do?

Talk about politics and philosophy 

Be active in civil life. 

Athens devoted great attention to the arts. They wanted people to be writers. They were philosophers, and encouraged scientists.

Who could be a part of public life in Athens?

Only the men could. They went to the agora and talked about philosophy and politics.

What was the focus of the Spartans?

Spartans focused on military training and always being ready for war. put the cities needs above your own.

What were the similarities between Athens and Sparta?

Similarities were both had slaves. They both also were city states in ancients Greece. They both had armies that fought in the Peloponnesian war.

Were the lives of men, women, and slaves the same in Athens and Sparta?

They were different. 

Athens: 

Men- Went to the agora and talked about politics and philosophy, events in community, bargained with vendors (sellers of goods).

Women-Women’s roles: ran the home, responsible for the slaves, caretakers of the children, secluded (stayed in the home), had little freedom, no political rights, couldn’t own property. 

Slaves- No rights, no freedom, not citizens. Did most of the work in and out of home. 

Sparta: 

Men- trained to become soldiers from the time they were 7. Had to be strong. 

Women- expected to be strong and healthy. Could own land and even take some part in business. 

Slaves-did all the work on the land owned by

Did they have the same political systems?

No. The Athens were a democracy, and Sparta was an oligarchy.

What is a philosopher? What did they believe?

A philosopher is someone who uses reason to understand the world and explain natural events. 

What types of governments did the Ancient Greeks try?Describe these types of government

democracy - citizens govern themselves. The people were in charge.

Oligarchy- The first type of government- rule by few- held by the elite class.

Aristocracy- ruled by the members of rich and powerful families. They controlled most of the land.

Contributions/Advancements.  What do we have because of them?

Democracy, trial by jury, math tools like a prime number chart.

Who was responsible for the development of Democracy?

Ancient Greece- Athens

Who could vote in Athens?

All adult male citizens were eligible to vote

Citizens= adult males born to Athenian parents.

Who did Ancient Greeks worship? What did they think the gods were responsible for?

They were polytheistic. They tried to avoid angering the gods and honored them. Most believed their gods were responsible for all natural events

What is an agora and what happened there?

An agora is a marketplace that is the center of public life. Men talked politics, philosophy, events in the community, and people bargained with vendors. Many goods were sold.

What architecture from this civilization is still around today?

columns

How did the geography of Rome affect their civilization? (What was their important body of water that helped with trade?) Ancient romans

The hills around Rome made it very easy to defend and the fertile soil and river made it a good place to farm and find water. It was also located in the middle of a peninsula.

What did this empire contribute to the world? (Think about the type of government.)

The Ancient Romans contributed many things to the world including aqueducts, a republic form of government

Where did the borders of the Roman Empire stretch to?

The entire coastal region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia.

Did this large size create any problems for Ancient Rome? If so, what problems?

The size of the empire made it very difficult to defend from invaders.

What architecture from this civilization is still around today?

Aqueducts