Neural Circuits and Sensitization

Passive properties

Neurons' inherent characteristics without stimulation

Active properties

Neurons' characteristics when stimulated

Intrinsic plasticity

Changes in neurons' inherent properties

Functional circuits

Neurons organized based on network properties

Topographical properties

Neural circuit wiring characteristics

Synaptic properties

Strength of connections in neural circuits

The Big Picture

Focus on Neurons, Neural circuits, and Output

Declarative Memory

Conscious memory of facts and events

Nondeclarative Memory

Unconscious memory for skills and habits

Habituation

Decreased response to repeated stimuli

Sensitization

Increased response to a noxious stimulus

Classical Conditioning

Association of neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus

Operant Conditioning

Learning through consequences of actions

Aplysia

Model organism for studying learning and memory

Neural Circuits

Pathways of interconnected neurons

Serotonin (5-HT)

Neurotransmitter modulating synaptic strength

Short-term Memory

Transient memory involving ion channel modulation

Long-term Memory

Memory involving protein synthesis and gene regulation

Long-term Potentiation (LTP)

Persistent increase in synaptic strength

Conditioned Stimulus

Previously neutral stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus

Conditioned Response

Learned response to conditioned stimulus

Anxiety / Phobias

Real-world effects of classical conditioning

Drug tolerance / Addiction

Real-world effects of classical conditioning

Food or beverage aversions

Real-world effects of classical conditioning