Immunizations

Bacterial Immunizations

diptheria

pertussis

tetanus

pneumococcus

meningococcus

H. Influenza Type B

Viral Immunizations

Hepatitis A and B

Influenza

MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)

Varicella

Poilo

Rotavirus

HPV

How is Hep A transmitted

Contaminated food or water

When is Dtap given

At 2, 4, and 6 months, 12-15 months, and 4-6 years

When is Tdap given

Children older than 11, booster Q10 years

If a child got a Tdap booster 5 years ago but now got a dog bite what needs to be done

Give another booster

How does tetanus spread

Spore living in soil; dirty injuries

When do pregnant women get Tdap?

27-36 weeks

Main manifestations of diptheria

Bulls neck

Other diptheria manifestations

URI symptoms

WHite or gray mucous membranes

fever, cough

Why is diptheria so concerning

can progress to septic shock and death within 6-10 days

Diptheria treatment

Penicillin

Diptheria precatutions

Droplet

Manifestations of tetanus

lock jaw, difficulty swallowing, rigidity of abdominal muscles

Causative agent of polio

enterovirus

How is polio transmitted

Feces, Oropharyngeal secretions

Manifestations of polio

Paralysis, fever, sore throat, pain, and stiffness of neck, back, and legs

Who cannot recieve live vaccines

Immunocompromised

Pregnancy

REcent passive immunity -IVIG, blood transfusions

Live vaccines

MMR, varicella, rotavirus

Main manifestation of Measles (rubeola)

Koplick spots on mucosa

Other manifestations of Measles

Fever, malaise, runny nose, cough, rash on day 3-4

Measles treatment

Vitamin A

ABX to prevent secondary infection

Measles/Rubeola precautions

airborne if in hospital until 5th day of rash

Mumps causative agent

Paramyxovirus

Manifestations of mumps

fever, HA, earache from chewing

Parotitis by day 3

Mumps treatment

Sour candy, flush out parotid gland

Rubella manifestations

Maculopapular rash that starts on face and spreads distally

fever, HA, malaise, sore throat

Rubella precautions

droplet

treatment for Hib

IV antibitoics- cephalosporins

Manifestations of varicella

Prodromal stage: slight fever, malaise

Pruritic rash begins as a macule and then a vesicle erupts

How long is varicella contagious

a day before rash appears and until vesicles are crusted

Complication of varicella

secondary infection from scratching

treatment for varicella

Calamine lotion, oatmeal baths, short nails

Manifestations of pneumococcal virus

Pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, localized infections, septicemia, meningitis

Pneumococcal treatment

ABX

Influenza treatment

Antiviral treatment- tamiflu- if detected early (48 hours)

manifestations of meningitis

sudden onset of fever, stiff neck, N/V, photophobia, HA, rash

Meningitis treatment

ABX

Rotavirus manifestations

Fever, Severe watery diarrhea

Goal of HPV vaccine

start prior to onset of sexual activoity