Revised Plumbing Code

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483 Terms

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I. HISTORY OF PLUMBING

I. HISTORY OF PLUMBING

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17th Century

The birth of the plumbing profession in the Philippines is traced back to?

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Intramuros

In 17th century, was established by the Spaniards as a model community. The walled city known as?

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City of Manila

In 1902, The model community for plumbing trade was duly recognized by the government

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Ilustrados

The elite group to act as consultant of plumber journeyman on matters pertaining to plumbing installations in villas and mansions. The recognized plumber then were called upon by?

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John F. Hass

A master plumber and became the first Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and Inspection?

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National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines

What is the meaning of NAMPAP?

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1935

When was the NAMPAP organized and had it registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission

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R.A. 1378

Otherwise known as the “Plumbing Law of the Philippines” and was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay

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June 18, 1955

When was the Plumbing Law of the Philippines become R.A. No. 1378

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January 28, 1959

When was the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines promulgated and approved

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Feati University

First School for Plumbing Engineering that was approved by the Department of Education was first introduced at?

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R.A. 6541

Otherwise known as the “Building Code of the Philippines”?

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December 21, 1999

When was the Revised Plumbing Code (R.A. 1378 Plumbing Law) Approved by President Joseph Ejercito Estrada?

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II. PLUMBING CODE

II. PLUMBING CODE

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1

What principle number?

All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water, neither connected with unsafe water supplies nor subject to hazards of backflow or back-siphonage

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2

What principle number?

Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at pressure adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undie noise under all normal conditions of use.

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3

What principle number?

Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper performance and cleaning.

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4

What principle number?

Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from explosion through overheating.

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5

What principle number?

Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley or easement where there is a public sewer, shall be connected to the sewer system

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6

What principle number?

Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on a sewer or with a private sewage-disposal system shall have at least one water closet and one kitchen-type sink. Further, a lavatory and bathtub or shower shall be installed to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene.

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7

What principle number?

Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent material, free from concealed fouling surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures

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8

What principle number?

The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned

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9

What principle number?

All piping of plumbing systems shall be of durable NAMPAP APPROVED materials, free form defective workmanship, designed and constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service

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10

What principle number?

Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water-sealed trap

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11

What principle number?

The drainage piping system shall be designed to provided adequate circulation of air free from siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use

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12

What principle number?

Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to preempt clogging and the return of foul air to the building

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13

What principle number?
Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship

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14

What principle number?

No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixture, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system

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15

What principle number?

Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with the building drainage system

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16

What principle number?

No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted and ventilated

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17

What principle number?

If water closets or other plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings where there is no sewer within a reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by some accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank

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18

What principle number?

Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building

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19

What principle number?

Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers

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20

What principle number?

All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be accessible for their intended use

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21

What principle number?

Plumbing shall be installed by registered master plumbers with due regard to the preservation of the strength of structural members and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage

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22

What principle number?

Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system, which may be deleterious to surface or sub-surface waters shall not be discharge into the ground or into any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous through subjection to some acceptable form of treatment

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III. CODE OF ETHICS

III. CODE OF ETHICS

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1

Code of Ethics number?

Act in an unprofessional manner and demand any remuneration other than his or her original charges except for additional services not covered in the basic contract

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2

Code of Ethics number?

Supplant another Registered Master Plumber after definite steps have already been taken toward his or her being commissioned to perform the contract

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3

Code of Ethics number?

Underbid another Registered Master Plumber by reducing his or her professional fees after being informed of the fees charged by the other Registered Master Plumber

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4

Code of Ethics number?

Take the advantage of a salaried government position to compete unfairly with a practicing Registered Master Plumber

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5

Code of Ethics number?

Allow the use of his or her license as a registered master plumber for a fee to an unlicensed master plumber in plumbing works without his or her personal supervision

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6

Code of Ethics number?

Injure falsely or maliciously, directly or indirectly, the reputation of another registered master plumber by reviewing his/her work for the same client unless the professional service of the former have been officially terminated and all professional fees have be dully paid by the client

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7

Code of Ethics number?

Advertise in self-laudatory language, act in any manner and engage in any practice which tends to bring dishonor to the dignity of the Registered Master Plumber, the National Master Plumber Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP) and the plumbing profession

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IV. ADMINISTRATION (CHAPTER 1)

IV. ADMINISTRATION (CHAPTER 1)

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Registered and Licensed Master Plumber

The plumbing permits is issued to whom?

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6

All plumbing plans, drawings, diagrams, design computations as required shall be submitted in how many sets of plans?

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1 year

Expiration of plumbing permit if no work commenced within the date of such permit

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Administrative Authority

The building official, the commission, the board and such other department or agency (DPWH, DILG, or City Mayor)

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Temporary Connections

Administrative Authority will endorse to authorities or agencies the issuance of tapping and testing the equipment

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  1. Registered and Licensed Master Plumber at upper portion of the round seal

  2. Name of Registered and Licensed Master Plumber at the upper center

  3. The registration number shall appear at the center below the name

  4. Philippines, appearing at the lower portion of the round seal

The seal shall be round in shape and shall be inscribed with the following (4)

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3

Before such inspection is intended, the Administrative Authority requires that every request for inspection be filed at least how many days?

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Inspected and Approved

No portion of any plumbing system shall be concealed until

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½ of the original fee

How much is the renewal of the plumbing permit?

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Without Limitations

All plumbing plans, computations, technical specifications, bills of materials and other required documents for all types of occupancy shall be prepared, sign and sealed by a Registered and Licensed Master Plumber, _________

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2

How many sets of approved plans, specifications and data shall be returned to the applicant and the owner?

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120

How many days will the plumbing permit expires if it is suspended and abandoned?

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Persons with Disabilities

Each building shall be provided with sanitary facilities for ______ in accordance with best practice for mobility as provided in the National Building Code

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Registered and Licensed Master Plumber

All administrative plumbing personnel, plumbing inspector shall be and in accordance with the provision of R.A. 1378

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Additions, Alterations or Repairs

________ shall not render an existing system unsafe, unsanitary or overloaded

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“approved”

Administrative Authority issues the permit shall endorse in writing or stamp the plans and specifications as

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Republic Act No. 1378

Otherwise known as the “Plumbing Law”

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V. PLUMBING TERMS (CHAPTER 2)

V. PLUMBING TERMS (CHAPTER 2)

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Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene

Definition of ABS

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Alley

Any public space, public park or thoroughfare less than 3 meters but not less than 2 meters in width dedicated or deeded for public use

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Alteration

Any change, addition or modification in construction or occupancy

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Accessible

It means a fixture, connection, appliance or equipment having access thereto but which may require prior removal of an access panel, door or similar obstruction

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Readily Accessible

It shall mean direct access without the necessity of removing any panel, door, or similar obstruction

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Air break

A physical separation, which may be a low inlet into the indirect waste receptor from the fixture, appliance or device indirectly connected.

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Air gap, drainage

The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance or appurtenance conveying waste to the flood level rim of the receptor

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Air Gap, water distribution

An unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the flood-level rim of the rim of any tank, vat or fixture

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approved

accepted or acceptable under an applicable specifications or standard stated or cited in this Code, or accepted as suitable for any proposed use under procedures and powers of the Administrative Authority

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approved testing agency

It is an organization primarily established for purposes of testing to approved standards and approved by the Administrative Authority

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Backflow

The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any source other than from its intended source

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Backflow connection

It is a condition or any arrangement whereby reverse flow can occur

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backpressure backflow

it occurs due to an increased reverse pressure above the supple pressure. This may be due to pumps, boilers, gravity or other sources of pressure

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Backflow preventer

It is a device or mean to prevent flow of liquid from returning to the source or supply

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Back-siphonage

The flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe

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Backwater Valve

A device installed in a drainage system to prevent reverse flow

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Backvent Pipe

It is the part of a vent line, which connects directly with an individual trap underneath or behind the fixture and exrends to the branch or main vent pipe at any point higher than the fixture or fixture traps it serves

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Ball Cock

A valve opened and closed by the fall and rise, respectively, of an attached ball floating on the surface on the liquid

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Ball joint

A type of pipe connection in which a ball-shaped end is held in a cuplike shell and allows movement in every direction

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Bathroom

A room equipped with a shower stall and bath tub

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Battery of Fixtures

Any of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal soil or waste branch

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Bell or Hub

That portion of a pipe which, for a short distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a caulked or push-on joint

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Bending pin

A tool for straightening or bending lead pipe

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Bibb

synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc. The word faucet is preffered

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Bidet

A plumbing fixture used for washing the middle private part of the body, especially the genitals

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<p>Blank flange</p>

Blank flange

A pipe flange that is not drilled for bolt holes

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<p>Blind flange</p>

Blind flange

A flange that close the end of a pipe

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<p>Blow-off </p>

Blow-off

A controlled outlet of a pipeline to discharge liquid or detritus

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Boiler Blow-Off

A valved outlet of a boiler that permits discharge of accumulated sediments

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Branch

Any part of the piping system other than a main, riser, or stack

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Branch Interval

A length of soil or waste stack corresponding in general to a story height, but in no case less than 2.43 meters within which the horizontal branches from one floor or story of a building are connected to the stack

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Branch vent

a horizontal vent connecting one or more individual vertical back vents with the vent stack or stack vent

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Brazed Joint

Any joint obtained by joining of metal parts with alloys which melt at temperatures higher than 449 degrees centigrade, but lower than the melting temperature of the parts to be joined

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Building

A structure built, erected and framed of component structural part designed for the housing, shelter, enclosure, or support of persons, animals or property of any kind

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Building drain

That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system which receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building sewer beginning 0.6 meters outside the building wall

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Building sewer

That part of the horizontal piping of a drainage system which starts from the end of the building drain and which receives the discharge of the building drain and conveys it to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system or other point of disposal

Explore top notes

Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 490d ago
note Note
Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
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