pre ib rhetoric

Rhetoric

the art of persuasively

rhetorical situation

a circumstance calling for a public response

Rhetorical situation examples

Speeches, advertisements, commercials, propaganda

SOAPSTONE

Method used to evaluate Rhetoric (Speaker, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Subject, Tone)

Manipulative Rhetoric

Persuade through preying on audiences fears, insecurities and ignorance

Civil Rhetoric

Persuade through sincere, fact based, logical arguments

ethos

credibility

Pathos

Appeal to emotion

logos

an appeal based on logic or reason

Bandwagon Appeal

an argument that suggests one is correct if they go along with the "crowd"

Logical fallacy

An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid

Hasty Generalization

argument that assumes all are the same, but are too few instances to support such a claim

ad hominem attack

argument that attacks personality instead of considering the issue at hand

argument backed by a stick

resorting to threat in order to have a point accepted

oversimplification

A statement or argument that leaves out relevant considerations about an issue to imply a single cause to a complex issue.

False Alternatives

fail to consider all the relevant possibilities

When 2 choices are presented, but more exist

arguing by occasion

an argument used to promote guilt by association

Anaphora

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

Epistrophe

Repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses

anecdote

A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.

Allegory

a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

logical fallacy

a mistake in reasoning

false alternative

failing to account for other possibilities

oversimplification

description of something in a way that does not include all the facts or details (and that causes misunderstanding)

argument backed by a stick

resorting to threat in order to have a point accepted