Historical Perspectives and the Biopsychosocial Approach

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on historical perspectives in psychopathology and the biopsychosocial approach.

Etiology

The cause or causes of a disorder, influencing treatment and research approaches.

Mental Disorder

A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.

DSM

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used for standardizing diagnoses.

Psychoanalytic Approach

An era focusing on unconscious intra-psychic conflicts and their resolution in treating psychological disorders.

Behaviorism

A psychological perspective that traits disorder as a result of associative learning and environmental reinforcement.

Humanistic Approach

Focuses on self-actualization and the role of unconditional positive regard in therapy.

Cognitive Approach

Addresses maladaptive thoughts and cognitive biases that maintain emotional distress.

Case Conceptualization

A method of understanding a person's mental health issues in terms of biological, psychological, and social factors.

4Ps Model

A framework identifying Predisposing, Precipitating, Perpetuating factors, and Protective factors for psychological disorders.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Significant traumatic events that can have lasting impacts on mental health.

Gene x Environment Interaction

The interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental factors that contribute to disorders.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals like serotonin and dopamine that affect mood, cognition, and behavior.

Diagnosis

The process of identifying a mental disorder based on standard criteria.

Differential Diagnosis

The process of distinguishing one disorder from another with similar symptoms.

Social Factors

Influences such as relationships, socioeconomic status, and cultural norms on mental health.

Cognitive Distortions

Irrational thought patterns contributing to emotional distress.

Dysfunction

Maladaptive functioning that indicates a potential mental disorder.

Stigma

Negative beliefs and stereotypes associated with mental health issues that can hinder treatment.