Psychology BRUH!!!!!

Psychology

Study of the mind and behavior/"study of the middle process of thinking"

Theory

A formulation that accounts for relationships among observed events or experimental findings in ways that make them more understandable and predictable

Applied research

Research that attempts to find solutions to a specific problem, applying information a person researches

Basic research

Research focused on acquiring knowledge even if such knowledge has no direct practical problem, researching information a person didn’t know

Sensory/Afferent neurons 

Neurons that transmit information from sensory organs, muscles and inner organs to the spinal cord and brain

Motor/Efferent neurons

Neurons that convey nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands

Sensations

Receives, transforms, and processes stimuli to create sensory experiences

Perception

The brain actively integrates, organizes, and interprets sensory information

Sensory receptors

such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, as well as internal organs.

Gestalt, Figure ground, Similarity and Connectedness

German word meaning “parts of a whole”. School of psychology that holds the brain structures our perceptions’ of the world in terms of meaningful patterns or whole. (Thinks the human mind and behavior as a whole)

Stress

As the pressure or demands places upon us to adjust or adapt to our environment

The founder of the general adaptation syndrome of stress?

Hans Selye GAD theory

Corpus Callosum

Bundle of nerve fibers that connect the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Left Hemisphere

Verbal functions, spoke language

Right Hemisphere

Non verbal functions

Broca’s

Egg shaped part of the frontal lobe that plays a key role in the production of speech

Wernick

Temporal lobe and enables us to understand written or spoken languages

Sleep function

Altered state of consciousnesses, important for memory and overall health of the mind and body. Keep us safe. Ordinary wakefulness, relaxed wakefulness, sleep stage 1, sleep stage 2, sleep stage 3/4, REM

the 2 functions that Freud has in dream’s?

Dreams carry hidden messages from our unconscious to satisfy sexual or aggressive desires. Manifest content and Latent content

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

The suggestion that dreams are the brain’s way of making sense of random neural activity that occurs while we are sleeping

Hypothesis

An altered state of consciousness characterized by focused attention, deep relaxation and heightened susceptibility to suggestion. Narrowing attention to the hypnotist’s voice or repetitive stimulus

2 important concepts of operant conditioning

Learning process where responses are modified through reinforcement or punishment

Positive reinforcement

awards!

Negative reinforcement

punishment!

Behavior modification

A method of changing behavior through a systematic program based on the learning principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or observational learning

Basic components of memory?

Sensory memory, Short term, long term

What is a heuristic

Mental short cut or a rule of thumb that simplifies decision making and problem solving

Cognitive Psychology

Aaron Beck!!! Therapy that helps clients identify and correct errors in thinking, and replace those thoughts with more rational alternatives.

Interpersonal intelligence

the intelligence involved in understanding and relating to other people

General Intelligence

represents the idea that an individual's overall intelligence is a compilation of different specific abilities.

Naturalistic intelligence

the ability to identify, observe, categorize, understand, and manipulate natural elements like plants and animals

Fluid intelligence

Easier to gain and learn new information, could take a hand full of classes and manage it well

Crystallized intelligence

Knowledge that comes from prior learning and past experiences, may struggle with learning new information

Intrinsic motivation

acting without being influenced by external rewards

Extrinsic motivation

acting to get external rewards

Bandura test

Demonstrated that children would learn aggressive behaviors through the observation of others

What are the questions asked that determine abnormal behavior?

Unusualness, Social deviance, Emotional distress, maladaptive behavior, dangerousness, faulty perceptions of reality

What diagnostic tool is used in the U.S. to diagnose psychological disorders?

DSM 5 (TR) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Psychotherapy

Psychodynamic therapy, Humanistic therapy, Gestalt therapy, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy

Biological therapies

Electroconvulsive therapy

The techniques used in Psychoanalysis (FREUD)

interpretation, transference analysis, technical neutrality, and free association

Lateralization

Moving the right side of my body, left hemisphere, moving left, right hemisphere

Neodissociation theory

There are multiple levels of awareness that can become “split off” or dissociated from each other. Our consciousness is split into two parts- one part carries out the hypnotist’s direction, the other, the “Hidden Observer” monitors what happens

Role playing theory

Hypnosis is a social interaction between a hypnotist and a willing individual who assumes the role of a “good” hypnotic subject, who follows the hypnotist’s directions. They are not faking their responses, however.

Meditation

Narrowing attention to a single object, word, or thought, or performing a repetitive ritual