Communicable diseases

Viruses

Fifth disease

Roseola

HFMD

Verruca

Molluscum contagiosum

HSV

Erythema infectiosum is also known as

Fifth disease

What causes Fifth disease

Human parvovirus B19

How is fifth disease transmitted

respiratory secretions

blood

Manifestations of fifth disease

Slapped cheek

Lacy rash on extremities (maculopapular)

what symptoms in fifth disease may you see before the lacy rash

fever, malaise, myalgias, GI symptoms, HA

When do you know that fifth disease is no longer contagious

when lacy rash appears

Treatment for fifth disease

Tylenol, Ibuprofen

Stay home til 24 hours fever free

Roseola Infantum is caused by what

HSV type 6

how is roseola transmitted

respiratory secretions

Initial symptoms of roseola

persistent high fever-103 for 3-7 days

fussy

bulging fontanel

cough, runny nose

What happens in roseola after the fever resolves

pink maculopapular rash appears

In what way does the rash in roseola spread

appears on the trunk first, then spreads to face and extremities

treatment for roseola

tylenol, ibuprofen, fluids

Hand foot mouth disease is caused by

Coxsackie virus

How is HFMD transmitted

respiratory secretions

feces

because HFMD spreads through feces, what may you see in a diapered child

lots of papules on bottom

initial symptoms of HFMD

fever

mild URI symptoms

manifestations of HFMD

Painful vesicles on oral mucosa

Papulovesicular rash

Where does the rash occur un HFMD

oral mucosa

palms of hands

soles of feet

what happens to patients with HFMD due to painful ora lesions

poor oral intake

treatment for HFMD

Tylenol, Ibuprofen

Topical analgesics (magic mouthwash)

Benadryl and Maylox

PediaLite

Popsicles

Viral Skin Infections

Verruca, Molluscum Contagiosum, HSV 1 and 2

Verruca

wart

What causes verruca

HPV

describe the warts in verruca

elevated, firm papule with rough texture

where is verruca commonly seen

hands

Treatment for verruca

Cryotherapy: freeze off with liquid nitrogen or high-dose salicylic acid

why should warts not be picked out

spreads

molluscum contagiosum is caused by

Pox Virus

describe the warts in molluscum contagiosum

flesh-colored papules

where do the warts in molluscum contagiosum appear

trunk, face, extremities

how does molluscum contagiosum resolve

spontaneously

HSV type 1

cold sores

HSV type 2

genital warts

treatment for HSV 1 and 2

Acyclovir

bacterial infections

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Scarlet fever

Cat scratch fever

Impetigo

Cellulitis

Folliculitis

Scalded skin syndrome

Bacterial conjunctivitis is also known as

Pink eye

causative agent for bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates

Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhea

causative agent for bacterial conjunctivitis in children

staph aureus, strep pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis

clinical manifestations of pink eye

redness of conjunctiva

mild eyelid edema

eye discharge

Red flag signs of pink eye

photophobia

reduction in vision

decreased ocular mobility

complication of pink eye

periorbital cellulitis

periorbital cellulitis

moderate to severe erythema and edema

treatment for periorbital cellulitis

high dose IV antibiotics

How is pink eye transmitted

close personal contact, air borne, touching an infected source and touching your eye

treatment for pink eye

topical antibacterial agent (Polytrim eye drops)

What causes Scarlet fever

Group A Beta-hemolytic streptococcus

How is scarlet fever transmitted

direct contact from droplets

Manifestations of scarlet fever

Sandpaper like rash

Strawberry tongue

Halitosis

Abrupt high fever

Sore throat with erythematous tonsils

Headache

Abdominal pain

Vomiting

Scarlet fever treatment

penicillin

supportive care - tylenol, ibuprofen, fluids

Precautions for scarlet fever

droplet until 24 hr of antibiotics

When a patient has scarlet fever, what should be discarded after starting antibiotics

toothbrush

causative agent for cat scratch fever

Bartonella henselae

how is cat scratch fever transmitted

scratch from kitten or cat

manifestations of cat scratch fever

painless, nonpruritic erythematous papule at site of inoculation followed by regional lymphadenopathy

Cat scratch fever treatment

Supportive

may have short course of azithromycin to hasten recovery

Causative agent for impetigo

Staphylococcus aureus

How is impetigo transmitted

Contact with infected people

Can occur as secondary infection

Manifestations of impetigo

Honey colored crusts

Impetigo treatment

topical mupirocin

PO penicillin if more severe

IV ABX for very severe - Vanc for MRSA

Family education for impetigo

wash clothes and linens in hot water, separate from rest of family's laundry

causative agents of cellulitis

Streptococcus

Staph

H flu

How is cellulitis transmitted

bacteria enters body through opening in skin such as injury or surgical site

Manifestations of cellulitis

Inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissue with intense redness, swelling, firm to the touch, hot

Fever, malaise

Treatment of mild cellulitis

PO ABX and warm compress

When would we treat cellulitis with IV ABX

extensive area, joints, or face involvement

Folliculitis

Infection of hair follicle

causative agents of folliculitis

S. Aureus

MRSA

Is folliculitis contagious

not usually

Manifestations of folliculitis

Small erythmatous pustule

Folliculitis treatment

topical ABX ointment

Folliculitis treatment if it has formed into a boil

PO ABX

Folliculitis treatment if MRSA is the cause

mupirocin intranasally BID 2-4 weeks

Education for folliculitis

No sharing towels or washcloths, dispose of razors after one use, wash linens in hot water

Prevention of folliculitis

not shaving over the same area more than once or twice, switch razors often, dont pick

Scalded skin syndrome

endotoxin caused by staph that causes epidermis to slough off

Scalded skin syndrome usually follows what

Localized infection from the upper respiratory tract, ears, conjunctiva, or umbilical stump

manifestations of scalded skin syndrome

irritability, fever, and malaise, followed by a very tender rash

Describe the rash in scalded skin syndrome

starts on face and flexures with erythema and fissures. Then large, thin blisters form, the skin exfoliates and peels

Scalded skin syndrome treatment

IV ABX- cephazolin, vancomycin for MRSA coverage

Nursing consideration about temp for a patient with scalded skin syndrome

Impaired temp regulation

Fungal infections

Tinea capitus

Tinea corporis

Tinea Cruris

Tinea Pedis

Candidiasis

How does tinea transmit

person to person

infected animals to humans

infected surfaces (locker rooms, helmets, gym mats)

Manifestations of tinea

grows in moist areas

Pruritic

Inflamed areas with white exudate

Diagnosis of tinea

skin scrapings

Tinea capitus

fungal infection of the scalp (hair breaks and falls out - patchy appearance)

Tinea corporis

ringworm of the body

Tinea pedis

Athlete's foot

Tinea cruris

jock itch

common cause of jock itch

wrestling, football

treatment for tinea capitus

PO griseofulvin or terbinafine 4-8 weeks

Tinea corporis treatment

PO griseofulvin, topical antifungal (clotrimazole)

When may you use clotrimazole PO for tinea corporis

if numerous spots

Tinea cruris treatment

topical antifungal

tinea pedis treatment

PO or topical antifungal (foot sprays)

causative agent of candidiasis

Candida albicans (part of normal flora but can replicate and cause infection)

Causes of candidiasis

Overgrowth of candida in mouth

Weakened immune system

Inhaled corticosteroids

Antibiotics

Manifestations of candidiasis

grows in moist areas

pruritic

inflamed areas with white exudate

pain with eating

does the white exudate in oral thrush scrape off

No