NURS 337: ALTERED CELL & TISSUE BIOLOGY (part one)

What does Pathos mean?

suffering

What does Logos mean?

study

What is Pathogenesis?

Steps in the development of the disease from stimulus to expression of disease

What is Pathophysiology?

functional changes accompanying a syndrome or disease

How does pathogenesis and pathophysiology differ in study?

Pathogenesis: mechanisms of disease

Pathophysiology: functional/physiological changes

How does pathogenesis and pathophysiology differ in what they examine?

Pathogenesis: how disease process evolves

Pathophysiology: how disease affects functions

How does pathogenesis and pathophysiology differ in what they focus?

Pathogenesis: origin and development

Pathophysiology: understand progression, identify stages, determine treatment

How does a disease progress? (4 stages)

etiology, pathology, abnormalities, clinical manifestation

What is the first stage of disease progression?

etiology; cause of disease

What is the second stage of disease progression?

Pathology; mechanism of disease

What is the third stage of disease progression?

Abnormalities; molecular, functional, morphology in cells/tissues

What is the fourth and final stage of disease progression?

clinical manifestation; signs/symptoms of disease

Where is Pathogenesis used?

lab; how disease changes occur

Where is pathophysiology used?

medical/human; how does disease change human, stages, treatment

What is diagnosis?

an indication of disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms

What is Etiology?

cause or origin vs. risk factors

What does congenital mean?

present at the time of birth

What are 5 types of etiology?

1.) idiopathic

2.) iatrogenic

3.) predisposing factors

4.) prophylaxis

5.) prevention

What is Idiopathic?

no known cause

What is iatrogenic?

human errors in treatment/procedure causing disease

What is predisposing factor(s)?

encompassing tendencies to promote disease

What is prophylaxis?

design to preserve health

What is prevention?

linked to etiology and predisposing factors

What does onset mean?

the specific point in time or the manner in which a disease, symptom, or abnormal physiological state begins

What does acute mean?

sudden but short-lived

What is chronic?

recurring or persisting for a long time

What is insidious?

gradual progression with vague or mild symptoms

What is subclinical?

disease is present, but the patient exhibits no obvious manifestations

What is latent state?

asymptomatic or no

detectable clinical signs, e.g., incubation

period

What are signs?

objective findings; changes in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease

What are symptoms?

subjective complaints; changes in body function that are felt by a patient as a result of disease

What are manifestations?

clinical evidence of a disease

What are lesions?

specific local changes in the

tissue; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury

What is syndrome?

a constellation of signs and symptoms occurring together to certain condition

What is sequalae?

unwanted outcome(s)

What are remissions and exacerbations?

Mark the course or progress of a disease

What is remission?

period which manifestations subside

What is exacerbation?

a worsening of severity

What is precipitating factor?

Condition that triggers an acute episode

What are complications?

New secondary or additional problems

What is therapy?

Measures to promote recovery/slow progress

What can therapy help with?

managing sequelae and potential unwanted outcomes

What is convalescence/rehabilitation?

Period of recovery and return to healthy state

What is Epidemiology?

Tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease

What are organizations that focus on epidemiology?

WHO and CDC

What is morbidity?

disease rates within a group

What is mortality?

relative number of deaths resulting from the disease

What is prevalence?

number of new, old, or existing cases within a population and time period

What is incidence?

number of new cases in a population within a given time

What is an epidemic?

a higher number of expected cases of an infectious disease occur within an area

What is a pandemic?

involves a higher number of infectious disease in many regions of the globe

What are communicable disease?

infectious disease that can spread from one person to another

What are notifiable/reportable diseases?

diseases that must be reported by the physician

Do notifiable/reportable diseases always have to be reported?

Yes, but required diseases to be reported may change over time

What is the purpose of physicians being required to report notifiable/reportable diseases?

to prevent further spread of the disease