BIO 1 EXAM

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13 Terms

1

Covalent Bonds

Involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms and are typically very strong.

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2

Ionic Bonds

Form from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions; generally strong but not as strong as covalent bonds in many contexts.

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3

Hydrogen Bonds

Weaker than ionic bonds; occur when a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom interacts with another electronegative atom.

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4

Van der Waals Forces

Weakest intermolecular interactions arising from temporary or induced dipoles.

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5

Cations

Positively charged ions that form when an atom loses electrons, resulting in more protons than electrons.

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6

Anions

Negatively charged ions that form when an atom gains electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons.

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7

Water’s Versatility as a Solvent

Water is polar and can form hydration shells around many solutes, facilitating the dissolution of various substances.

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8

Expansion Upon Freezing

When water freezes, hydrogen bonds form a more ordered structure, causing the water molecules to spread apart and expand.

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9

Ability to Moderate Temperature

Water has a high heat capacity, allowing it to absorb or release large amounts of heat with slight temperature changes.

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10

Cohesion and Adhesion of Water

Cohesion is the sticking of water molecules to each other, while adhesion is the ability of water to stick to other substances.

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11

Polar Nature of Water

Water is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing it to have partial negative and positive charges.

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12

Molar Mass of Glucose

One mole of glucose weighs 180 grams and contains 6.023 × 10²³ molecules.

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13

Acidic Solutions

An acidic solution can have a pH of 2, 0.002 H⁺ per mole, and has more H⁺ than OH⁻ ions.

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