Skin Anatomy

epidermis - layer

stratum corneum

dead cells

stratum lucidum

dying keratinocytes

stratum granulosum

granules of keratin

stratum spinosum

spiney keronatocytes

starum basale

stem cells for divison

dermis - layers

papillary

more superficial - aerolar CT

reticular

thicker, some fat, dense irregular CT

dermal papilla

little finger projections (increase surface area)

hypodermis

subcutaneous layer, fat, adipost CT

hair bulb

bottom of root

hair root

below skin

hair follicle

whole hair

arrector pilli

attached to root , reduces heat loss,

sebaceous gland

sebum oil (moisture) - attached to hair root

eccrine gland

sweat - cool down body

root hair plexus

surrounds hair root - touch receptors

meissner’s corpuscle

little white ovals - increase surface area

pacinian corpuscle

reticular layer of dermis receptors for pain / pressure

where do blood vessles stop

papillary level od dermis

patellar reflex stimulus

hit patellar tendon

patellar reflex sensory receptor

in quad

patellar reflex effector

quads

patellar reflex response

extends leg

withdrawl reflex ipsilateral

protective withdrawl response to stimulus

withdrawl reflex contralateral

posteral readjustment to maintain balance

PFF Babinski sign

flexion / abduction of toes + in babies - in adults

Gag reflex

vagus- sensory / glossopharyngeal - motor

two point discrimination test

space in homoculus / more sennsory receptors

radiating pain

shooting down nerve pathway - example: sciatica

referred pain

felt in area distant from source viseral - example: heart attack