History- civil rights movement

Emmett Till

His brutal murder helped launch the Civil Rights Movement.

Rosa Parks

Refused to give up her bus seat, initiating the Montgomery bus boycott.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Influenced by Gandhi's nonviolent techniques, led the SCLC, bus boycott, killed in Memphis, TN, and led the march on Washington.

Malcolm X

Nation of Islam member, changed name in prison, became a Sunni Muslim, assassinated by the Nation of Islam.

Stokely Carmichael

Prominent Black Power leader.

James Earl Ray

Assassin of Martin Luther King, Jr.

George Wallace

Alabama governor who blocked African Americans from attending school.

Thurgood Marshall

NAACP lawyer in Brown v. Board of Education, first African American Supreme Court justice.

James Meredith

First African American to graduate from the University of Mississippi.

Bull Conner

Birmingham police chief who used violence against protestors.

Elijah Muhammad

Leader of the Nation of Islam.

Robert Kennedy

Justice Dept. actively supported civil rights.

John F

Initially slow on civil rights due to needing Southern senators' votes.

Orval Faubus

Arkansas governor who called National Guard to prevent African American students from entering Central High School in Little Rock.

Plessy v

1896 case establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine.

Brown v

NAACP-led case ending school segregation.

Little Rock Crisis

Faubus vs. Eisenhower over integrating schools.

Freedom Riders

Organized integrated bus trips to protest segregation.

Freedom Summer

SNCC and CORE focused on registering black voters in Mississippi in 1964.

"I have a dream" Speech

MLK's iconic speech in Washington, D.C.

24th Amendment

Ended poll taxes.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Ended discrimination and segregation in public places, signed by Johnson.

Selma to Montgomery March

Led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Eliminated barriers to voting for African Americans.

Black Panthers

Advocated for black empowerment through armed revolution.

CORE

Organized sit-ins to protest racial discrimination.

SCLC

Founded by MLK to advance civil rights.

SNCC

Formed by Ella Baker to push for change through non-violence.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Initiated by MLK following Rosa Parks' arrest.

Birmingham Protest

Bull Conner's violent response to civil rights protests.

Selma

Chosen for a march due to low African American voter registration.

Bombingham

Birmingham's nickname due to bombings like the 16th Street Baptist Church.

Nation of Islam

Led by Elijah Muhammad, influenced Malcolm X.

Policies of Gandhi

Nonviolent resistance methods.

Southern Manifesto

Congress members denouncing Brown v. Board of Education.

Black Power

Movement emphasizing black pride and empowerment.

Sit-ins

Protest tactic occupying whites-only spaces to challenge segregation.

What kept African Americans from voting?

Poll taxes and literacy tests.

AIM

American Indian Movement advocating for Native American rights.

NOW

National Organization for Women pursuing women's goals.

ERA

Proposed amendment to outlaw sex-based discrimination, not ratified by states.

La Raza Unida

Hispanic American political party.

Betty Friedan

Founder of the National Organization for Women.

Gloria Steinem

Co-founder of the National Women's Political Caucus.

Phyllis Schlafly

Prominent opponent of the ERA.

Madeleine Albright

First female Secretary of State.

Condoleezza Rice

First African American female Secretary of State.

Sonia Sotomayor

First Hispanic U.S. Supreme Court Justice.

Barack Obama

First African American President.

Stonewall Riots

Catalyst for the LGBT rights movement.

Brown Berets

Militant Mexican American group fighting police brutality.

Title IX

Ended gender discrimination in federally funded athletic programs.

Roe v

Legalized abortion rights for women.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities.

Cesar Chavez

Leader of the farm workers' movement, advocated for nonviolent resistance.