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Center for Disease Control and Prevention

CDC

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

CLSI

Biological Hazards

Potentially harmful microorganisms and infectious agents

Inhalation, Ingestion, Direct inoculation or skin contact

3 routes of infection

CHAIN OF INFECTION

Transmission of microorganisms; essential in preventing the spread of infection

source, method of transmission, and susceptible host

Requires a continuous link between

Universal Precaution (UP)

All patients are considered to be possible carriers of blood-borne pathogens, except for urine and body fluids not visibly contaminated with blood

Body Substance Isolation (BSI)

All body fluids and moist substances are considered infectious; no hand washing after glove removal

Standard Precautions (SP)

UP + BSI; hand hygiene; applied to all patients, including those with unrecognized sources of infection

Post exposure prophylaxis

If exposed to BPP: report to supervisor

friction

Rub to form a lather, create friction, and loosen debris

15-20 secs

Clean between fingers, thumbs, nails, rings, and wrist at least 15-20 seconds

downward

Rinse hands in a downward position

urine, biohazard

All biological waste, except urine, must be in containers labeled with the biohazard symbol

fluorescent orange

The accepted 'BIOHAZARD" label color

laboratory sink

Discard urine here, avoid splashing, and flush with water

10% sodium hypochlorite

Use this to disinfect sink

biohazard symbol

Three overlapping circles (like a triple Venn diagram) with equal overlapping parts

puncture-resistant containers

Sharp objects must be disposed here

supervisor

Report accidental needlestick to this person

water, 15 mins

Flush area with water for at least 15 mins, then seek medical help

Radioactive Hazards

Radiation exposure during pregnancy is dangerous

DO NOT

Do not neutralize chemicals on the skin

CAN BE NEUTRALIZED

Acid spills on floor can be neutralized then soaked up

running water for 15 minutes.

For alkali or acid burns in the eye, wash out with this

TO WATER

Always add acid to water

EXPLOSION

What happens when you add water to acid

chemical hazards

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) explain this

National Fire Protection Association Hazardous Materials Classification

NFPA

NFPA

Uses numbers 0–4 to classify hazard severity (4 = most hazardous)

health hazard, fire hazard flashpoints, specific hazard, reactivity

Components of hazardous materials classification

4-Deadly, 3-Extreme Danger, 2-Hazardous, 1-Slightly Hazardous, 0-Normal

Health hazard (Blue)

4-Below 73F, 3-Below 100F, 2-Below 200F, 1-Above 200F, 0-Will Not Burn

Fire hazard flashpoints (Red)

Oxidizer (OXY), Acid (ACID), Alkali (ALK), Corrosive (COR), Use No Water (W), Radiation ☢

Specific hazards (White)

4-May deteriorate, 3-Shock/heat detonate, 2-Violent change, 1-Unstable if heated, 0-Stable

Reactivity

DO NOT OPERATE

Don’t use electrical equipment with wet hands

3-pronged plug

All electrical equipment is grounded using this

explosion proof cabinets

Store flammable chemicals here

wrapped in the blanket

How to smother someone with burning clothes

annually

Lab fire drills should occur this often

RACE

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish

PASS

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

aerosols

Caused by centrifuge accidents or removing rubber stoppers

hand washing

Best way to break the chain of infection

hand contact

Primary method of infection transmission

soap and water

Use when hands are visibly soiled

alcohol based hand-rub

Use when hands are not visibly soiled