AP Gov chapter 4-5

Civil Liberties

Rights mentioned in the Bill of Rights which everyone is entitled to

Civil Rights

Policies designed to protect against arbitrary and discriminatory practices in government

Incorporation Doctrine

Found in 14th Amendment, applies Bill of Rights to the States

Wall of Separation

Separation of Church and State- 1st Amendment

Free Exercise Clause

1st amendment, freedom of persons to practice any religion as well as the right to not subscribe to a religion

Prior restraint

censorship; the prevention of a piece of media being published by the government

Symbolic Speech

Non-verbal communication protected by the First Amendment; most often demonstrates a political stance

Libel

written defamation

Slander

spoken defamation

Jim Crow

segregationist laws post-reconstruction; withheld civil liberties from African Americans

White Primary

allowed political parties to prevent African Americans from voting in primary elections, despite having constitutional suffrage under 15th Amendment

Shield laws

Laws which protect journalists and reporters in court from having to report their sources in publications, which protects the sources.

First Amendment

Extended the 5 basic freedoms, Speech, Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press

Fourth Amendment

no unreasonable search or siezure

Fifth Amendment

Gave rights to the accused: The accused has a right to a trial by Grand Jury, cannot be tried for the same crime twice, does not have to answer self-incriminating questions, must not be deprived of their natural rights without due process of law, and private property taken for public use must be met with just compensation

Sixth Amendment

Criminal trial procedures- speedy and public trial by jury, right to be informed of the charges, to question witnesses, and right to a lawyer

Tenth Amendment

Rights that are not delegated to the federal government are reserved for the States and the people

Thirteenth Amendment

Abolished Slavery

Fourteenth Amendment

Due process clause- cannot deprive citizens of life, liberty, or property without due process of law 

incorporation doctrine- applies bill of rights to the states

Fifteenth Amendment

Allows all men the ability to vote, regardless of race or previous condition of servitude

Twenty Fourth Amendment

Outlawed the poll tax which disproportionately affected the voting ability of African Americans

Equal Rights Amendment

Equality of rights under the law should not be abridged on accounts of sex

Americans with Disabilities Act

Required employers to make reasonable accommodations for disabled employees and outlaws discrimination on accounts of disability

Civil Rights Act

Illegalized racial discrimination in places of public accommodation and outlawed forms of job discrimination

Voting Rights Act

Forbade governments from using procedures which prohibited citizens to vote on basis of race and abolished the use of literacy tests for persons who completed 6th grade