Macromolecules & Vitamins

Living System

What are the 4 macromolecules classes and their monomers?

 carbohydrates (monomers: monosaccharides), proteins (monomers: amino acids), nucleic acids (monomers: nucleotides), and lipids (monomers: fatty acids and glycerol).

What are the main function of carbs and examples

provide quick energy and structural support -Examples include glucose, starch, and cellulose.

What are the main function of lipids and examples

function is long term energy storage, insulation, cell membranes - Examples: fats, phospholipids,steroid

what are the main function of proteins and examples

Build and repair tissue, keep structure and transport molecules through body- Examples:enzymes,hemoglobin,keratin

What are the main function of nucleic acids and examples

Store and transmit genetic information- Examples: DNA, RNA, ATP

Examples of Carbohydrate type and their job

Cellulose- Plant cell wall structure

Glycogen-Short term energy storage in animals

Starch- Plant energy storage

Examples of Lipids and their jobs

Phospholipids-Cell membrane structure

Triglycerides-Long term energy

Cholesterol- Makes hormones and stabilizes membranes 

Examples of Proteins and their jobs

Enzymes- Speed up chemical reactions

Antibodies- fight infections and remove antigens from the body

Actin- helps muscles move, contract and help cell division 

Examples of Nucleic acids and their jobs

DNA-Stores genetic code that tells cells how to develop, grow and function

RNA- builds proteins and carries genetic information from DNA to Ribosomes

ATP- provides needed energy for various cell activities 

How can your body contain materials you didn’t eat

Cells build needed molecules using raw material from food and biosynthesis 

A, B12, C main functions

A-Vision and immune function and cell growth and reproduction

B12- helps in creation of DNA, nerve function and making red blood cells

C- antioxidant that protects cells from damage and collagen production

D,E,K main function

D- calcium absorption and bone strength

E- protects cells from damage by neutralizing free radicals 

K-synthesis of proteins which help for blood clotting and bone metabolism 

Calcium, Iron, magnesium

Calcium- helps build strong bones and helps with muscle contractions and key factor in blood clotting process

Iron- transports oxygen throughout the body(hemoglobin), DNA and amino acid synthesis

Magnesium- Helps tons of enzyme functions, that help muscle function, energy production, nerve function control and blood pressure regulation

Potassium and Sodium

Potassium- support cell function, nerve transmission, muscle contractions

Sodium- regulate fluid balance and blood pressure, enables nerve signals

How does covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and polarity affect DNA

Covalent bonds- Hold each DNA strand together, guards genetic information

Hydrogen bonds- hold two strands to each other and form the double helix , easy to separate during replication 

Polarity helps bases pair correctly and helps enzymatic activity

How do Polar vs Non polar amino acids affect protein shape 

Polar- on exterior surface and interact with water, form hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds 

Non-Polar- in the interior core to avoid water and doe proteins folding which determines proteins final shape and function 

What is dehydration synthesis

joins monomers by removing water which builds macro molecules 

what is hydrolysis

chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water