Practice uk

What biome contains plants adapted to prevent water loss due to low rainfall and high temperatures?

Desert

What does the climatogram depict?

It depicts a specific biome, such as temperate desert or tundra.

What biome is characterized by widely scattered clumps of trees and alternating dry and wet seasons?

Tropical grassland

What is an economic service provided by freshwater systems?

Drinking water

At which trophic level are dragonflies that consume mosquitoes?

Secondary consumers (C)

At which trophic level are eagles that consume fish?

Tertiary consumers (B)

At which trophic level do organisms produce oxygen as a waste product?

Producers (D)

What is a product of photosynthesis?

Glucose

What is needed for cellular respiration?

Glucose

How do autotrophs differ from heterotrophs?

Heterotrophs cannot produce their own nutrients, but autotrophs can.

Which of these is not a detritivore?

Crow

What is the average percentage of energy loss from one trophic level to the next?

90%

Which sphere consists of all living things?

Biosphere

What are the three main interactions that life on Earth depends on?

Gravity, cycling of matter, and one-way flow of high-quality energy.

What is the correct order from least complex to most complex in the organization of matter?

Atom, molecule, cell, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

What drives the hydrologic cycle?

Solar energy and gravity

What is the rate at which producers use photosynthesis minus the rate at which they use stored energy through respiration?

Net primary productivity

What role do sharks play in an ecosystem?

They are a keystone species.

Which of these is not included in the definition of biological diversity?

Human impact on the ecosystem

What process describes changes in genetic characteristics of populations over time?

Biological evolution

Which of these is NOT an example of natural selection?

A rabbit gets cold and burrows in a hole.

What best shows the process of evolution?

A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide.

What adaptations help organisms acquire energy?

The dark coloration of a reptile and the fangs of a lion.

What is a correct statement about levels of biodiversity?

A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.

What is a limit to natural selection?

Genetic traits available

Where does most knowledge about Earth's life history come from?

Fossils

What type of species has broad niches?

Generalist species

What can lead to speciation?

Geographic isolation and reproductive isolation.

Which of these is NOT a geologic process affecting evolution?

Surface mining

What is true about climate and natural selection?

Drastic changes in climate tend to cause speciation rather than extinction.

How do environmental stressors like wildfires affect biodiversity?

Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance.

What happens if an invasive generalist species is introduced to an island with many specialist species?

The population size of the island's specialist species will decrease due to increased competition.

What is true about speciation?

It takes thousands to millions of years and occurs after reproductive isolation.

What is NOT a potential future for a species population undergoing environmental change?

Mate and produce fertile offspring with a similar species.

What is NOT true about extinction?

Endemic species are less vulnerable to extinction.

What happens to species over time?

All species eventually become extinct.

What has kept ahead of extinction on Earth?

Speciation has increased diversity.

Why are endemic species less vulnerable to extinction?

They are adapted to specific environments.

What is background extinction?

Extinction that occurs slowly over time.

What characterizes mass extinction?

It is catastrophic and often global.

Which ecosystem has high species evenness but low species richness?

A corn and bean farm.

What is the definition of a population?

A group of interbreeding individuals from the same species.

What is the equation for calculating change in population?

Population change = (births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration).

Which age structure indicates a likely increase in population?

A population made up of mostly pre-reproductive stage individuals.

What is primary succession?

It occurs in an area recently covered by lava.

What is a density-independent population controlling factor?

Fires and floods.

What is an example of a keystone species?

A beaver that builds a dam.

Which species is considered a generalist species?

Cockroaches.

What is a specialist species example?

Giant Panda.

What are the first organisms to grow during primary succession?

Lichen.

What does natural ecological restoration involve?

Primary and secondary succession.

What is the impact of clear-cutting on the hydrologic cycle?

Transpiration of water from vegetation will decrease.

What is the percent change in the penguin population from 1956 to 1980 if it decreased by 42%?

-42%.

What is an economic service of forests?

Lumber for building.

What is a consequence of clear-cutting?

An increase in erosion.

What is population overshoot?

The period between birth rate falling and death rate rising after resource overconsumption.

What is the optimal range of tolerance in an ecosystem?

The range where organisms thrive best.

What is the range of physiological stress?

The range where organisms can survive but are stressed.

What happens during exponential growth?

Population increases rapidly due to abundant resources.

What is carrying capacity?

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain.