APAH Unit 2

White Temple and Ziggurat

Sumerian, 3500-3000 BCE, mud brick, Uruk. Elevated platform for temple; shows belief that gods reside above humans and temples were religious centers.

Statues of Votive Figures (Tell Asmar)

Sumerian, 2700 BCE, gypsum with shell and limestone. Worshippers with wide eyes symbolizing constant prayer and devotion.

Standard of Ur

Sumerian, 2600-2400 BCE, wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone. Narrative scenes of war and peace; hierarchical scale shows social order.

Code of Hammurabi

Babylonian, 1792-1750 BCE, basalt. Law code given divine authority by Shamash; reinforces justice and king's power.

Lamassu

Neo-Assyrian, 720-705 BCE, alabaster. Guardian figures with human heads, bull bodies, and wings protecting palace entrances.

Audience Hall (Apadana) of Darius and Xerxes

Persian, 520-465 BCE, limestone, Persepolis. Columns and reliefs show unity and power of the Persian Empire.

Palette of King Narmer

Predynastic Egypt, 3000-2920 BCE, greywacke. Symbolizes unification of Upper and Lower Egypt using hierarchical scale.

Seated Scribe

Old Kingdom, 2620-2500 BCE, painted limestone. Naturalistic portrait emphasizing importance of scribes.

Great Pyramids and Great Sphinx (Giza)

Old Kingdom, 2550-2490 BCE, cut limestone. Funerary monuments reflecting belief in afterlife and divine kingship.

King Menkaure and Queen

Old Kingdom, 2490-2472 BCE, greywacke. Idealized, rigid figures symbolizing eternal rule.

Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall

New Kingdom, c.1550-1250 BCE, sandstone and mud brick. Massive scale glorifies gods and pharaohs.

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

New Kingdom, 1473-1458 BCE, sandstone. Architecture blends with landscape to legitimize female pharaoh's rule.

Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and Three Daughters

Amarna Period, 1353-1335 BCE, limestone. Elongated forms show religious and artistic shift.

Tutankhamun's Innermost Coffin

New Kingdom, 1323 BCE, gold with inlay. Emphasizes wealth, divine kingship, and afterlife beliefs.

Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer

New Kingdom, 1275 BCE, painted papyrus. Weighing of the heart scene shows moral code tied to afterlife.

Athenian Agora

Archaic-Hellenistic, 600 BCE-150 CE. Civic and commercial center reflecting democracy.

Anavysos Kouros

Archaic, 530 BCE, marble with paint. Idealized youth grave marker influenced by Egyptian poses.

Peplos Kore

Archaic, 530 BCE, marble with paint. Votive statue with stylized clothing and Archaic smile.

Niobides Krater

Classical, 460-450 BCE, red-figure pottery. Complex spatial composition and mythological narrative.

Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

Polykleitos, Classical, 450-440 BCE. Contrapposto and ideal proportions based on mathematical canon.

Acropolis (Parthenon and Temples)

Classical, 447-410 BCE, marble, Athens. Honors Athena; ideal balance and harmony.

Grave Stele of Hegeso

Classical, 410 BCE, marble. Domestic scene emphasizing family and restrained emotion.

Winged Victory of Samothrace

Hellenistic, 190 BCE, marble. Dynamic movement and dramatic realism.

Great Altar of Zeus at Pergamon

Hellenistic, 175 BCE, marble. Intense emotion and movement in battle frieze.

Seated Boxer

Hellenistic, 100 BCE, bronze. Realism and emotion emphasize human suffering.

Sarcophagus of the Spouses

Etruscan, 520 BCE, terracotta. Celebrates marriage and equality between men and women.

Temple of Minerva and Apollo of Veii

Etruscan, 510-500 BCE, wood, mud brick, tufa, terracotta. Frontality and lively sculpture.

Tomb of the Triclinium

Etruscan, 480-470 BCE, tufa and fresco. Banquet scenes reflect joyful view of afterlife.

House of Vettii

Roman Early Empire, rebuilt 62-79 CE. Frescoes display wealth, mythology, and domestic life.

Alexander Mosaic

Roman Republic, 100 BCE. Battle of Issus scene showing admiration for Greek history.

Head of a Roman Patrician

Roman Republic, 75-50 BCE, marble. Verism emphasizes age, wisdom, and experience.

Augustus of Prima Porta

Roman Early Empire, 1st c. CE, marble. Idealized emperor shown as divine and powerful leader.

Colosseum

Roman Early Empire, 70-80 CE, stone and concrete. Engineering mastery used for mass entertainment.

Forum of Trajan

Roman High Empire, 106-113 CE. Architectural complex celebrating imperial authority.

Pantheon

Roman High Empire, 118-125 CE, concrete. Dome and symmetry symbolize Roman engineering and gods.

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

Roman Late Empire, 250 CE, marble. Crowded chaotic imagery reflects instability.

Catacomb of Priscilla

Roman Late Empire, 200-400 CE. Early Christian imagery emphasizing salvation.

Santa Sabina

Roman Late Empire, 422-432 CE. Early Christian basilica focused on interior worship.

Treasury and Great Temple (Petra)

Nabataean, 400 BCE-100 CE, rock-cut architecture. Cultural blending and trade wealth.