Pathological Conditions, Fractures, and Clinical Procedures

These flashcards cover essential terms related to pathological conditions, fractures, and clinical procedures in the medical field.

exostosis

A benign growth of new bone on the surface of a bone.

herniation of an intervertebral disk (slipped disk)

A condition where the inner gel-like core of the disk protrudes through the outer layer, pressing on spinal nerves.

bunion

A painful bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe.

sciatica

Pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which runs down one or both legs.

fracture

A break in the continuity of a bone.

sprain

An injury to a ligament caused by a joint being forced beyond its normal range of motion.

closed fracture

A fracture that does not break through the skin.

systemic lupus erythematosus

An autoimmune disease that affects multiple systems and can cause inflammation throughout the body.

open fracture

A fracture that breaks through the skin.

polymyositis

An inflammatory disease causing muscle weakness and inflammation.

pathologic fracture

A fracture that occurs in a bone weakened by disease.

arthrocentesis

A procedure to remove fluid from a joint using a needle.

osteomalacia

Softening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency.

arthrography

Imaging of a joint after injection of contrast material.

osteomyelitis

An infection of the bone or bone marrow.

arthroplasty

Surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint.

osteoporosis

A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, leading to increased fracture risk.

arthroscopy

A minimally invasive surgical procedure used to visualize, diagnose, and treat joint problems.

arthritis

Inflammation of a joint, causing pain and stiffness.

bone density test

A test that measures the density of bones to assess the risk of fractures.

gouty arthritis

A form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and tenderness in joints, often caused by excess uric acid.

electromyography

A diagnostic procedure that assesses the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them.

osteoarthritis

The most common form of arthritis, resulting from wear and tear on the joints.

muscle biopsy

A procedure where a small sample of muscle tissue is removed for examination.

rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints, leading to inflammation and pain.

degenerative joint disease

Another term for osteoarthritis, reflecting gradual degeneration of the cartilage.

carpal tunnel syndrome

A condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the wrist, leading to pain and numbness in the hand.

muscular dystrophy

A group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.

dislocation

An injury where a bone is forced out of its normal position in a joint.

total hip replacement

A surgical procedure in which the damaged hip joint is replaced with artificial material.

ganglion

A noncancerous lump that often appears on or around joints, typically filled with a jelly-like fluid.

total knee replacement

A surgical procedure to replace a damaged knee joint with an artificial joint.