VETS3050 Medication in Ambulatory Production Animal Service單詞卡 | Quizlet

Ideally, how should you select an antimicrobial to treat an animal?

- justify antimicrobial use

- use culture and sensitivity tests to give an accurate diagnosis

- use a narrow-spectrum drug

What are requirements for labelling antimicrobials?

Red on White: "Keep out of reach of children; for animal use only"

- name, strength and quantity of medication

- adequate directions for use

- name and address

For off-label use of an antimicrobial, outline a veterinarian's responsiblities?

Have a professional responsibility in prescribing, residue minimisation and withholding periods

Consider pharmacokinetics of medications when estimating tissue residues

The pharmacokinetics of drugs is influenced by ?

Route of administration; target species; age; physiology; pathology; diet

List 6 different classes of antimicrobials?

1. penicillin

2. oxytetracycline

3. cephalosporines

4. sulphonamides

5. trimethprim & sulphadiazine

6. macrolides

List 5 types of Penicillins?

1. natural

2. β-lactamase-resistant

3. Aminopenicillins

4. Extended spectrum

5. Potentiated

List 4 natural Penicillins?

1. sodium salt Penicillin G

2. Procaine penicillin G

3. Benzathine penicillin

4. Penethamate hydriodide

List 1 β-lactamase-resistant penicillin?

Cloxacillin

List 2 aminopenicillins?

1. Amoxicillin

2. Ampicillin

List 1 extended spectrum penicillins?

Carbenicillin

List 2 potentiated penicillins?

Amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate

Procaine G Penicillin is active against ?

Most Gram Positive bacteria

How does Procaine G Penicillin work? What conditions inhibit PGP?

Disrupts cell wall synthesis

Broken down by gastric HCl

Procaine G Penicillin is eliminated by ?

the KIDNEYS

Procaine G Penicillin reaches clinically effective concentrations in _________________ but does NOT reach this in _______________

Most tissues!

The CNS, bones and eyes

Oxytetracyclines are bacterio_____________

Bacteriostatic

Oxytetracyclines are narrow spectrum

T/F

False - broad spectrum

Oxytetracyclines are active against ???

Gram Positive, Gram Negative,

Myoplasma

A side effect of Oxytetracyclines is ?

Nephrotoxicity

Cephalosporins are bacter______________

Bactericidal

_____________ are first to third generation antibiotics; third generation is extremely important to AMR

Cephalosporins

=> should NOT be first choice

Cephalosporins are excreted through ?

The KIDNEYS

Cephalosporins are considered toxic

T/F

False - non toxic

Sulphonamides are bacteri__________________

Bacteriostatic

Trimethoprim and Sulphadiazine are bacteri______________

Bactericidal

Trimethoprim and Sulphadiazine have broad spectrum activity

T/F

True

Macrolides include ?

Erythromycin

Tylosin

Tulathromycin

Tilmicosin

Macrolides are bacteri______________ and function by ?

Bacteriostatic

inhibiting protein synthesis

Macrolides are active against ?

Gram positive bacteria

Mycoplasma

Describe the CNS distribution of Macrolides

There is none!

Erythromycin is a _____________ that is an alternative to ?

Macrolide

Penicillin

___________ is used to treat S agalactiae mastitis in cattle

Erythromycin

Tylosin is a _____________ that is active against ?

Macrolide

Gram positive & mycoplasma

Tylosin is used for ??? in large animals but is (narrow/broad) spectrum

Mastitis

Narrow

Tulathromycin is a ____________ that is used in ?

Macrolide

Respiratory infections

Tulathromycin is NOT used in ? (groups)

Adult cattle producing milk

Bobby calves

Tilmicosin is a ______________ that is used in ?

Macrolide

BRD & calf pneumonia

Describe the distribution of Tilmicosin?

Concentrates and persists in tissues, esp. the lungs

IV can cause death

Tilmicosin is NOT used in what group ?

Milking cows

What are 4 anti-inflammatory drugs that are carried in large animal ambulatory practices?

1. Flunixin megalumine

2. meloxicam

3. Tolfedine

4. Ketoprofen

How do anti-inflammatory drugs function in large animals (in an ambulatory setting) and what are associated side effects?

Do NOT suppress immune system like GCS, work by inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis

Can cause Gi ulceration, hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity

=> stomach ulcers in young ruminants and neonates