Lower Leg, Knee, and Patella Radiography

A comprehensive set of flashcards designed to capture the key concepts and details regarding the lower leg, knee, and patellar radiographic techniques discussed in the lecture.

What should the SID be raised to when collimation does not reach from corner to corner on the IR for an AP lower leg radiograph?

In excess of 40 inches.

Where is the CR located for an AP lower leg radiograph?

Mid Lower Leg.

Which views are included for lower leg radiography?

AP and Lateral views.

What is the CR angle for an AP knee radiograph for patients with 18 cm and below?

5° caudad.

For a lateral knee radiograph, what is the tube angle for most patients?

5-7 degrees cephalic.

What is the location of the CR for a lateral knee projection?

1 inch distal to the medial epicondyle.

What angle should the knee be flexed for a lateral knee projection?

20-30 degrees.

What is the CR positioning point for the PA Axial (Camp Coventry method)?

Mid popliteal region.

When performing a PA axial projection, where should the knee joint be centered?

On the upper half of the IR.

What does the Beclere Method measure?

AP Axial projection of the knee joint.

What is the CR angulation when performing the Beclere Method?

½ inch distal to the apex of the patella.

What does the Settegast Method view?

Tangential views of the patella.

What kind of flexion is required for the Hughston Method?

Lower limb can only be flexed ~50-60 degrees.

What type of fracture of the patella is demonstrated in the lateral view?

Transverse fracture.

Which view is best for demonstrating a vertical fracture of the patella?

Settegast views.

What is the recommended positioning for the Settegast Method?

Prone position with 15°-20° flexion.

What type of device does the Merchant Method use?

An adjustable IR holding device (Axial Viewer).

What criteria is used for the AP knee projection for 25 cm and above measurements?

Perpendicular CR.

For an AP knee radiograph, where is the CR directed for 19-24 cm measurements?

5° cephalad.

What is included in the discussion of oblique knee views?

Internal and external rotation.

What should be centered on the IR during a PA Axial projection?

Knee joint.

What is the main purpose of the Camp Coventry method?

To demonstrate the intercondylar fossa.

What should be the angle of the CR when performing an AP axial projection?

Centered to the popliteal region.

What are the criteria to be included for tangential views of the patella?

Settegast, Hughston, and Merchant Methods.

What is critical for evaluating joint space in weight-bearing knees?

Bone on Bone measurement.

Which two methods are used for tangential views of the patella?

Hughston and Merchant Methods.

What type of joint articulation is viewed in an oblique knee?

Tibiofibular articulation.

What is the relationship between internal oblique and external oblique knee projections?

Both share similar CR angles as the AP views.

What should be documented when comparing PA Axial and AP projections?

Differences in femur, patella, and intercondylar regions.

What important landmarks should be identified in an AP lower leg view?

Tibial condyles and the head of the fibula.

Which artifact is common in lateral projection of the knee?

Patellar superimposition.

What should be included when performing a weight-bearing knee examination?

Joint space assessment in both legs.

What common technique is used to differentiate between oblique knee views?

Positioning the tibia and fibula.

In lateral lower leg views, which malleolus is demonstrated?

Both the lateral and medial malleolus.

How is the CR directed for the lateral lower leg?

Mid Lower Leg.

What differentiates medial from lateral tibial condyles in a lateral view?

The visibility of the femoral condyles.

For an AP knee, which anatomical structures should be visible?

Femur, patella, and tibia.