Carbon notes

Miller Urey Experiment

Recreated conditions from primordial earth which was the old earth, he would boil water then allow it to transform into water vapor, in primordial earth there was alot of lightning so they put electrodes in and put charges on it. They added cold water and analyzed the sample. There was amino acids and hydrocarbons

Carbon

Element number 6 with 4 valence electrons

Valence Electrons

The electrons that actually do the bonding

Hydrocarbons

Long chains of molecules that legit just have a carbon and a hydrogen

Isomeres

Compounds with the same number of atoms that consist of the same elements, but they have different types of functions and shapes. 3 types

Structural Isomers

These have different spatial arrangements of the atoms

CIs-trans Isomers

These have one double bond between a carbon and they have two other elements coming off. If they are on same side it is cis and if they are on different side they are trans

Enantiomers

These are mirror images of each other, they are like your left and right hand

Cones

Color and bright light

Rods

Night vision and peripheral

Discs

These discs are found on the top of rods and cones and found in the retina

Retina

The retina has rhodopspin, which is made up of opsin and retinal. In the dark the opsin encased inside of the retinal in the cis form(Rods). Then when bright light or colroed vision hits it, the opsin goes into a trans form and is now outside of the retina.

Bleaching

The shape change from cis to trans in the eye

sinister

There are two types of enentiomers and they are labeled by S-Left handed and R-right handed.

S

Left handed

R

Right handed

Methamphetamines

The R version of this is used in nasal decongestant and the S version can be found in street drugs, with chem knowledge you can literally make meth