Human Reproduction

Corpus Luteum

A temporary endocrine structure involved in the production of progesterone, crucial for maintaining the uterine lining.

Endometrium

The inner lining of the uterus that thickens during the menstrual cycle in preparation for a potential pregnancy.

Menstrual Cycle

A monthly process in females involving the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, including phases such as menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.

Ovulation

The release of an egg from the ovary, typically occurring around the middle of the menstrual cycle.

Fertilization

The union of a sperm cell with an egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote.

Follicular Phase

The first half of the menstrual cycle, during which follicles in the ovary mature, ending with ovulation.

Luteal Phase

The second half of the menstrual cycle, following ovulation, where the corpus luteum forms and secretes hormones to prepare the uterus for a possible pregnancy.

Menstrual Phase

Duration of Days 1-5, begins with menstruation where the uterine lining sheds if there is no pregnancy.

Gastrulation

The phase of early fetal development around day 9, forming three primary tissue layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Implantation

The process where the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall around day 6-7 post-conception.

Placenta

An organ that nourishes the embryo and removes waste, formed from the trophoblast.

Oogenesis

The process of egg development that occurs in the ovaries.

Cleavage

The rapid series of cell divisions that occur after fertilization, forming a multicellular ball.

Sex Hormones

Chemical signals that regulate reproductive processes, including testosterone and estrogen.

Labor

The process involving uterine contractions for childbirth, facilitated by hormones like oxytocin.

Preeclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A condition resulting from alcohol exposure during pregnancy, leading to neurological damage.