Honors English S1 Review

Fiction

Category of literature based upon imagination

Non-Fiction

Category of literature based upon fact

Exposition

Introduction of characters and setting

Narrative Hook

Introduction of the main problem/conflict

Rising Action

Events that develop the plot and lead up the the climax/turning point

Climax/Turning Point

The highest emotional point where there is a significant change of events

Falling Action

Slowing of events that leads to a solution of the problem or a “fizzling out” of the main conflict

Resolutions/Denouement

A solution to the main conflict, a dissolving of the main conflict, or when matters are explained but not necessarily solved. Not every story has a clear resolution.

Foreshadowing

A scene in a play, short story, or novel that interrupts the present action and goes backward in time.

Flashback

A writer’s use of hints or clues to suggest events that will occur later in the story. Its goal is to create suspense.

Protagonist

The main character that undergoes some sort of change throughout the story and is involved in the central conflict

Antagonist

The main character or force who opposes the protagonist, and usually causes their problems, doesn’t always have to be a person

Mood

The feeling or atmosphere an author creates in a story

EX- intense, whimsical, mysterious

Symbol

A person, place, object, or activity that stands for an idea greater than itself.

Imagery

An author’s use of descriptive words and phrases that create a sensory experience for the reader, appeals to the reader’s 5 senses

Parallel Structure

A sentence that sticks with the same verbs, adjectives, number of words, etc.

Active Voice

When the subject performs the action

EX- The dog chased the ball.

Passive Voice

When the subject receives the action, often uses “be” and linking verbs

EX- The ball was chased by the dog.

Literary Present Tense

Using present tense to describe fictional characters or events in literature, or when commenting on what an author is communicating.

Phrases

Group of words lacking a subject or a verb

Dependent/Subordinating Clauses

Contains a subject and a verb, but does not contain a complete thought, and cannot stand alone as a sentence.

Independent Clauses

Contains a subject, a verb, and a complete thought, and stand alone as a sentence

Subordinating Conjunctions

These start dependent clauses, which must be joined to independent clauses to form sentences

EX- after, however, since, etc.

Coordinating Conjunctions

(FANBOYS) These join words, phrases, and clauses

Sentence Fragment

A dependent clause or phrase left by itself

Run-on Sentence

Incorrectly joining multiple complete sentences without using the right punctuation or conjunctions

Sentence Types

Simple, compound, complex, compound-complex

Simple Sentence

IC.

EX- Cats purr.

Compound Sentence

IC, fanboys IC. or IC;IC.

EX- I typed my paper, but Joe wrote his by hand.

I typed my paper; Joe wrote his by hand.

Complex Sentence

DC, IC. or IC DC.

EX- Because Joe’s computer wasn't working, he wrote his paper by hand.

Joe wrote his paper by hand because his computer wasn't working.

Compound-Complex Sentence

Many possible combos of the following: IC+IC+DC+FANBOYS

EX- Because Joe’s computer wasn’t working, he wrote his paper by hand, but I typed mine.